Transient global amnesia in a patient with acute unilateral caudate nucleus ischemia

Magnetic resonance imaging of leukoencephalopathy in amnestic workers exposed to organotin

“…Recent many MRI data have shown that transient global amnesia involves tiny medial temporal structures, with reversible increased signal intensity on DWI. Involvement of the thalamus, corpus callosum, and cingulate gyrus, as a part of the Papez' circuit or limbic system, and the caudate nucleus, putamen, and adjacent subcortical structure, have been reported in patients with transient amnesia (Saito et al, 2003;Ravindran V et al, 2004;Saito et al, 2006;Kim HJ et al, 2012;Beyrouti et al, 2015). Thus, the global amnesia observed in the patients described in this report is compatible with leukoencephalopathy involving the corpus callosum.…”

Transient global amnesia and brain lesions: new hints into clinical criteria

“…Indeed, many patients with TGA fall out of this categorization and are described as single reports in the current literature. The patients with TGA but with structural brain lesions, such as cerebral ischaemia, meningioma, EEG recording abnormalities, viral encephalitis or drug intoxication, have been sometimes described as isolated cases, but their role in the overall spectrum of TGA has never been considered [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. This is probably because most works that focused on the aetiology of TGA excluded patients with brain structural lesions considering them as confounders in an aetiological study.…”

Transient Global Amnesia Associated with an Acute Infarction at the Cingulate Gyrus

“…Cerebral ischemia or cerebral hemorrhage has been suspected of being responsible for TGA when causing dysfunction in the limbic system involved in memory (thalamus, hippocampus, amygdale, fornix, mammillary bodies, cingulate gyrus, and frontal cortex). Table 1 summarizes the stroke typologies gathered in the studies reporting TGA due to acute stroke: thalamus (hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke) [5–7], frontal lobe (hemorrhagic lesion) [8], occipital lobe [9], corpus callosum (ischemic stroke) [10, 11], caudate nucleus (ischemic stroke) [12], cingulate gyrus (hemorrhagic stroke) [13], and hippocampus (ischemic stroke) [14]. …”

“…Furthermore, it is worth noting that most of the cerebral infarcts which involve exclusively any of the structures of the hippocampo-mammillo-thalamic pathway are lacunar infarcts, mainly from thalamic topography, which may cause a pure sensory stroke or atypical lacunar syndromes [15, 16] while causing the TGA to remain exceptional [5–7, 12, 17]. …”