Transient global amnesia.

Logan, William J.; Sherman, David G.

doi:10.1161/01.str.14.6.1005

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…For example, while nearly all patients remember their birth date, most are unable to recall their current age, 10 or they claim to be several years younger than they actually are-a discrepancy that logically reflects RA. With voluntary reports, a particularly striking example ofRA is the patient who asked what happened to the fingers on his left hand, not remembering that they had been traumatically amputated in a farm machinery accident 4 months earlier (Logan & Sherman, 1983).…”

Section: Informal Quantitative Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient global amnesia

Brown

1998

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a memory dysfunction characterized by a sudden onset of dense anterograde amnesia (AA)that gradually resolves across several hours. TGAis typically accompanied by repeated questions (concerning present circumstances) with retrograde amnesia for events preceding the attack, and it usually strikes individuals in their late 50s and early 60s. The etiology of TGA remains unclear, although it probably reflects a temporary disruption of the blood supply to the temporallobe. The physical and psychological events preceding the attack are diverse, but they often include acute emotional and physical stressors. TGA appears to be benign, with low risk for recurrence or residual complications. While systematic memory research on TGApatients is rare, these individuals present a unique opportunity to study amnestic behaviors in otherwise normal individuals. A guide to conducting future research is provided. 401Over the last 4 decades, a considerable literature has accumulated concerning transient global amnesia (TGA). Originally described by Hague (1954; see Haas, 1983), the term TGA was coined by Fisher and Adams (1958) to describe a reversible, short-term (several hour) inability to store and/or retrieve new information most commonly observed in older adults (50-70 years old). Its onset is sudden, and its resolution is gradual. A period of retrograde amnesia (RA) is usually observed, the duration of which is highly variable (hours to years) across individuals and shrinks during the recovery period. TGA victims often ask the same question(s) repeatedly and are generally confused regarding time, place, and circumstances. Despite the inability to retain new information, general intellectual function (reading, writing, speaking, calculation) and selfidentity are preserved, and obvious neurological abnormalities are absent. Oddly, most TGA victims experience only one episode in a lifetime. TGA appears to be unassociated with any obvious physical or psychological disease process or residual disability, contrasting with other memory maladies, such as Alzheimer's dementia, Korsakoff's disease, drug addiction, or hysterical fugue states (Markowitsch, 1995).The primary purpose ofthe present review is to acquaint behavioral researchers with a common malady that is relatively unknown among psychology professionals. Despite a large literature on TGA, the phenomenon is poorly understood, and no consensus has emerged on its psychological or physiological cause. The present literature summary will hopefully allow cognitive, clinical, and healthThe author wishes to extend special thanks to Billie Stovall in the Interlibrary Loan Office of Southern Methodist University for her herculean efforts in procuring hundreds of articles from medical journals at other universities.

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Section: Informal Quantitative Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient global amnesia

Brown

1998

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review

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“…An individual in a state of TGA exhibits no other signs of impaired cognitive functioning and has no focal deficits [1]. While the etiology remains unknown, TGA most commonly presents in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with the incidence among those ≥50 years to be estimated at 23.5 to 32 per 100,000 per year [2]. The majority of afflicted patients are between the age of 50–80 years, with an average age of approximately 60–65 years [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the etiology remains unknown, TGA most commonly presents in middle-aged and elderly individuals, with the incidence among those ≥50 years to be estimated at 23.5 to 32 per 100,000 per year [2]. The majority of afflicted patients are between the age of 50–80 years, with an average age of approximately 60–65 years [2]. Risk factors causing an increased risk of stroke such as hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia are not believed to be associated with TGA, while migraines have been found to be strongly associated with TGA [3, 4].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Global Amnesia: A Case Report

Rison

Rosenheck

2012

Case Rep Neurol

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Introduction: Transient global amnesia is a syndrome of temporary and reversible disruption of short-term memory accompanied by repetitive questioning. Although the etiology is unknown, the prognosis usually benign, and no particular treatment is required, it is important for all involved clinicians to recognize the diagnosis and possess knowledge about the evaluation of these affected patients. Case Presentation: A middle-aged Caucasian woman presented for neurologic evaluation for acute forgetfulness. Neurologic examination disclosed repetitive questioning with preserved orientation and no focal motor, speech, sensory, coordination, or cranial nerve deficits. Neurologic investigations did not reveal any pathologic findings. Her memory improved and reverted to normal baseline over the course of a 24-hour hospital stay. Conclusion: Transient global amnesia is an interesting syndrome of reversible anterograde amnesia associated with repetitive questioning that occurs with an unclear etiology in middle-aged and elderly individuals. Due clinical diligence is required in the investigation of these patients. Treatment is generally not required, and the condition usually does not recur. Clinicians, including neurologists, internists, family practice physicians, and psychiatrists, need awareness of this condition.

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“…Patients appear confused, repeatedly asking orienting questions, but with sufficiently intact semantic, working, and procedural memory to be able to continue with everyday activities such as driving a car (Logan and Sherman, 1983). The leading hypotheses to explain the pathophysiology of TGA involve epileptic causes, migraine, and cerebrovascular disease (i.e., ischemia, venous insufficiency).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Global Amnesia and Neurological Events: The Framingham Heart Study

Romero¹,

Mercado²,

Beiser³

et al. 2013

Front. Neurol.

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Background/objective: Transient global amnesia (TGA) is a temporary amnestic syndrome characterized by lack of other focal neurological deficits. Cerebrovascular disease, migraine and seizures have been suggested as underlying mechanisms. TGA may be a risk factor for cerebrovascular or other neurological events. We studied the relation of TGA, vascular risk factors, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) indices of subclinical ischemia and neurological events in a community-based sample.Design/setting: A total of 12 TGA cases were ascertained using standard criteria by experienced neurologists, and matched to 41 stroke- and seizure-free controls. Vascular risk factors, brain MRI findings, and subsequent cerebrovascular or seizure events were compared in cases and controls.Participants: Framingham Heart Study (FHS) original and offspring cohort participants were included.Results: No significant differences between the groups were observed in the prevalence of vascular risk factors, or brain MRI measures. Few incident stroke/transient ischemic attacks (TIA) (one event among the cases and four in controls) or subsequent seizures occurred in either group. Head CT during the acute event (n = 11) and brain MRI (n = 7) were negative for acute abnormalities. Electroencephalograms (EEG) (n = 5) were negative for epileptiform activity. Extracranial vascular studies were negative for significant stenosis in all cases.Conclusion: In our community-based study TGA was not related to traditional vascular risk factors, or cerebrovascular disease. However, our study is limited by small sample size and power, and larger studies are required to exclude an association.

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Transient global amnesia.

Cited by 33 publications

References 23 publications

Transient global amnesia

Transient global amnesia

Transient Global Amnesia: A Case Report

Transient Global Amnesia and Neurological Events: The Framingham Heart Study

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