Transient moisture diffusion through paperboard materials

Bandyopadhyay, Arnab; Ramarao, Bandaru V.; Ramaswamy, Shri

doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(02)00067-5

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…al. [51] suggest that at 1% moisture content only 3% of water is in a liquid-like state, at 5% moisture content the percentage rises to 15% and at moisture contents, higher than 12% only the liquid-like state can be observed, which is in quite good agreement with the conclusions made by Bandyopadhyay [55,59]. As equilibration times, needed for paper to reach a steady state moisture Published in Polym Degrad Stab 96 (2011) 2029-2039 7 content, are long (up to several 100 min) [55,59], the flux must be slow, so it might not have a significant effect on the mobility of ions.…”

supporting

confidence: 86%

“…As mentioned earlier, paper has a relatively long equilibration time [55,59], so sudden changes in moisture content, as a result of small RH changes are unlikely.…”

Section: Temperature and Relative Humidity Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Moisture is transported through sheets by diffusion of water vapour through pores (more pronounced at low moisture contents) and in condensed form through or along the fibre cell walls (important at moisture contents, higher than 13% in the material, which corresponds to RH > 75%) [59]. A flux of water as assumed by Shahani et al, is only feasible when the difference between equilibrium moisture content and ambient humidity is large and if the relative humidity is higher than 75% [59].…”

Section: Temperature and Relative Humidity Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose–response functions for historic paper

Menart

Bruin

Strlič

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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Paper degradation has been studied extensively over the past few decades from both the conservation and the material science perspectives. This review focuses on the quantifiable impacts of the environment and material composition, from the viewpoint of long-term storage of historic paper-based collections. Therefore, temperature, relative humidity and their variation, and pollution are of major interest while photoinitiated processes are covered only briefly.New experiments comparing the effects of the most abundant indoor pollutants (NO 2 , acetic acid and formaldehyde) and the effects of fluctuating temperature and relative humidity are also presented as part of the discussion. This work highlights the need for revision of the existing doseresponse (damage) functions for paper and their further development. KeywordsHistoric paper; hydrolysis; oxidation; viscometry; colorimetry; heritage science Historic paperDespite the ubiquity of electronic media, paper is still the most generally readable carrier of information. In heritage institutions, collections of documents of the past are being preserved for posterity. It has been estimated that in a typical Western repository, 70-80% of these documents [1] are likely to be acidic and therefore prone to rapid deterioration, their useful lifetime being about a century, a couple at best. This is in a stark contrast to paper produced before ca. 1850, the lifetime of which may be longer for at least a factor of 10 [1]. For curators of these collections, interventive conservation is an option, although the throughput of even mass treatments [2] is not sufficient to address the scale of the problem and the resources are too limited. Stab 96 (2011Stab 96 ( ) 2029Stab 96 ( -2039 2 In many cases, preventive conservation is therefore the preferred option. However, environmental managers may struggle with the abundance of literature available on environmental effects on paper degradation and the surprisingly scarce data that is well quantified and relevant not only to the scientist but to the user as well. Unlike a recent comprehensive review of the basic mechanistic and thermodynamic concepts [3], the focus of the present review is to provide an overview of dose response functions, based on which environmental management in paper-based collections could be optimised to minimise degradation while optimising resource use. Published in Polym DegradThe main structural component of paper is cellulose. As a linear homopolymer, it is composed of identical monomers and scission of inter-monomer bonds leads to its degradation [4]. It is well known that apart from temperature, water (humidity) and acidity in paper are important factors in its degradation [5][6][7]. Acid-catalysed hydrolysis is a major cause of paper strength loss [5,7], although other mechanisms may take place as well, such as oxidation and thermal degradation [7,8], depending on the experimental conditions. The effect of oxygen on the hydrolytic pathway should not be neglected, as differences between accelerate...

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supporting

confidence: 86%

“…As mentioned earlier, paper has a relatively long equilibration time [55,59], so sudden changes in moisture content, as a result of small RH changes are unlikely.…”

Section: Temperature and Relative Humidity Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Temperature and Relative Humidity Fluctuationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose–response functions for historic paper

Menart

Bruin

Strlič

2011

Polymer Degradation and Stability

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“…During the measurement water vapour was introduced under the vacuum condition with no air present in the paper so the adsorption rate reflected only the rate of water vapour uptake be the fibres. The value was very close to 3.5 9 10 -3 s -1 determined previously (Bandyopadhyay et al 2000(Bandyopadhyay et al , 2002.…”

Section: Fibre Mass Transfer Coefficientsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…In turn, Bedane et al (2016) derived an average value of 3 9 10 -3 m/s from measurements of transient moisture uptake rates by paper materials over a wide range of RH. 7 9 10 -3 m/s (Bandyopadhyay et al 2002;Nilsson et al 1993) were maximum values of the coefficient reported.…”

Section: Materials Typementioning

confidence: 84%

Moisture sorption and diffusion in historical cellulose-based materials

et al. 2018

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Moisture adsorption and diffusion were examined in 17 samples of historical and modern papers and cardboards, differing in the time of production and the pulping process. The moisture adsorption data for paper materials made of rags, gelatin-sized were close to each other whereas woodpulp papers showed higher intra-group variability due to varying contents of lignin and rosin sizing. The average adsorption curve for all specimens was close to that of pure cellulose. In-plane diffusivities along the paper sheets in a stack, primary direction of uptake and release moisture by library objects, were determined as a function of relative humidity and paper compression. Typically, the in-plane diffusivities fell within the range of 6 9 10 -6 -1.7 9 10 -5 m 2 /s and were significantly affected by the paper fraction in the specimens which were combination of paper sheets and thin air layers or pockets between the sheets. The external mass transfer coefficient at the surface of the paper objects perpendicular to the paper sheets exceeded 2 9 10 -3 m/s and significantly depended on the intensity of air motion in typical environments. Effective use of the adsorption and diffusion information obtained was demonstrated in modelling buffering capacities of books.

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Multilayer structures based on annealed electrospun biopolymer coatings of interest in water and aroma barrier fiber‐based food packaging applications

Cherpinski

Torres‐Giner

Cabedo

et al. 2017

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this research work, for the first time, a fiber‐based packaging material was coated by annealed electrospun ultrathin fibers of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate), poly(vinyl alcohol), and polylactide. The resultant mono‐ and multilayer structures self‐adhered to the paper substrate and were characterized in terms of morphology, optical, and barrier properties. Additionally, the use of a static flat plate and rotating mandrel collector as well as the application of different electrospinning deposition times were analyzed. The thermally treated electrospun biopolymers yielded totally transparent films while, due to the opaque nature of the uncoated paper substrate, the developed packaging materials were also opaque but with a glossier surface finish provided by the bioplastic coating. The annealed films obtained from random electrospun fibers, that is, the mats of ultrathin fibers collected on the static plate, presented higher transparency and thickness and also enhanced barrier performance. On the overall, the developed annealed electrospun biopolymer coatings resulted in a significant improvement of the paper barrier properties to water and limonene vapors, being the paper/poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) film the best performing multilayer packaging structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45501.

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Transient moisture diffusion through paperboard materials

Cited by 61 publications

References 12 publications

Dose–response functions for historic paper

Dose–response functions for historic paper

Moisture sorption and diffusion in historical cellulose-based materials

Multilayer structures based on annealed electrospun biopolymer coatings of interest in water and aroma barrier fiber‐based food packaging applications

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