Transient nuclear criticality excursion analysis of highly dispersed particulate three-phase fluidised systems
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Using AFM methods in air under normal conditions in a wide range of local force effects ($${F}_{const}$$ F const < 40 μN) the relief, functional micromechanical properties (elasticity coefficient $$K$$ K , Young’s modulus $$E$$ E , elastic $${\Delta h}_{dfrm}$$ Δ h dfrm and plastic $${\Delta h}_{stiff}$$ Δ h stiff deformations) and adhesive properties (work $$A$$ A of adhesive forces $${F}_{adh}={F}_{adh}(x;y)$$ F adh = F adh ( x ; y ) ) of the membranes of living adult cells of human buccal epithelium were studied in the presence of a protective layer < 100 nm of buffer solution that prevented the cells from drying. Almost all geometric and functional characteristics of the membrane in the local approximation at the micro- and nanolevels are affected by size effects and obey the laws of fractal geometry. The Brownian multifractal relief of the membrane is characterized by dimension $${D}_{f}$$ D f < 2.56 and irregularities < 500 nm vertically and < 2 μm horizontally. Its response to elastic (≤ 6 nN), active (6–21 nN), or passive (> 21 nN) stimulation ($${F}_{const}$$ F const ) is a non-trivial selective process and exhibits a correspondingly elastic ($$K=$$ K = 67.4 N/m), active ($$K=$$ K = 80.2 N/m) and passive ($$K=$$ K = 84.5 N/m) responses. $$K=K({F}_{const})$$ K = K ( F const ) and $$E=E({F}_{const})$$ E = E ( F const ) depend on $${F}_{const}$$ F const . Having undergone slight plastic deformations $${\Delta h}_{stiff}$$ Δ h stiff < 300 nm, the membrane is capable of restoring its shape. We mapped ($$E=E(x;y)$$ E = E ( x ; y ) , $${D}_{f}$$ D f = 2.56; $${\Delta h}_{dfrm}={\Delta h}_{dfrm}(x;y)$$ Δ h dfrm = Δ h dfrm ( x ; y ) , $${D}_{f}$$ D f = 2.68; $${\Delta h}_{stiff}={\Delta h}_{stiff}(x;y)$$ Δ h stiff = Δ h stiff ( x ; y ) , $${D}_{f }$$ D f = 2.42, $$A=A\left(x;y\right)$$ A = A x ; y and $${F}_{adh}={F}_{adh}(x;y)$$ F adh = F adh ( x ; y ) ) indicating its complex cavernous structure.
Using AFM methods in air under normal conditions in a wide range of local force effects ($${F}_{const}$$ F const < 40 μN) the relief, functional micromechanical properties (elasticity coefficient $$K$$ K , Young’s modulus $$E$$ E , elastic $${\Delta h}_{dfrm}$$ Δ h dfrm and plastic $${\Delta h}_{stiff}$$ Δ h stiff deformations) and adhesive properties (work $$A$$ A of adhesive forces $${F}_{adh}={F}_{adh}(x;y)$$ F adh = F adh ( x ; y ) ) of the membranes of living adult cells of human buccal epithelium were studied in the presence of a protective layer < 100 nm of buffer solution that prevented the cells from drying. Almost all geometric and functional characteristics of the membrane in the local approximation at the micro- and nanolevels are affected by size effects and obey the laws of fractal geometry. The Brownian multifractal relief of the membrane is characterized by dimension $${D}_{f}$$ D f < 2.56 and irregularities < 500 nm vertically and < 2 μm horizontally. Its response to elastic (≤ 6 nN), active (6–21 nN), or passive (> 21 nN) stimulation ($${F}_{const}$$ F const ) is a non-trivial selective process and exhibits a correspondingly elastic ($$K=$$ K = 67.4 N/m), active ($$K=$$ K = 80.2 N/m) and passive ($$K=$$ K = 84.5 N/m) responses. $$K=K({F}_{const})$$ K = K ( F const ) and $$E=E({F}_{const})$$ E = E ( F const ) depend on $${F}_{const}$$ F const . Having undergone slight plastic deformations $${\Delta h}_{stiff}$$ Δ h stiff < 300 nm, the membrane is capable of restoring its shape. We mapped ($$E=E(x;y)$$ E = E ( x ; y ) , $${D}_{f}$$ D f = 2.56; $${\Delta h}_{dfrm}={\Delta h}_{dfrm}(x;y)$$ Δ h dfrm = Δ h dfrm ( x ; y ) , $${D}_{f}$$ D f = 2.68; $${\Delta h}_{stiff}={\Delta h}_{stiff}(x;y)$$ Δ h stiff = Δ h stiff ( x ; y ) , $${D}_{f }$$ D f = 2.42, $$A=A\left(x;y\right)$$ A = A x ; y and $${F}_{adh}={F}_{adh}(x;y)$$ F adh = F adh ( x ; y ) ) indicating its complex cavernous structure.
Production of a double cermet coating to treatment of the turbine blades
Turbine blades often experience external failures, such as cracks and high pores, during operation. To address these issues, a method known as thermal spraying by flame is employed to apply cermet materials consisting of metal and ceramics onto the blades. The process involved incorporating manganese (Mn) into a chromium oxide (Cr2O3) base in varying proportions (3,6,9,12,15)%. Prior to this, the two mixtures underwent several preparatory steps, including being mixed with a micro-mill for two hours and then dried at 80°C for thirty minutes to remove any moisture present in the laboratory. The coating bases were prepared from an out-of-service turbine bit and shaped into squares with a side length of 1cm. The bases were then roughened and indented using a paint gun. The resulting models were sintered at a temperature of 1000°C for two hours. A number of structural and physical tests were carried out for the painted models before and after thermal sintering. Scanning electron microscope tests revealed crystalline regularity and lattice consistency of the outer surface especially at 15%Mn. Regarding the findings of the actual density, it was observed that the inclusion of manganese leads to a gradual enhancement in density with each subsequent addition. However, there was a consistent decrease in real porosity and water absorption, resulting in lower values at 15%. The hardness and adhesion strength exhibited significant improvements, increasing by approximately 15%. Conversely, the addition of the stiffener led to a continuous decrease in thermal conductivity. Thus, it was determined that the optimal coating parameters for achieving favorable outcomes were a coating distance of 16cm, a coating angle of 90°, and thermal sintering at 1000°C.
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