Transient Osmotic Perturbation Causes Long-Term Alteration to the Gut Microbiota

Tropini, Carolina; Moss, Eli L.; Merrill, Bryan D.; Ng, Katharine M.; Higginbottom, Steven K.; Casavant, Ellen P.; González, Carlos Gutiérrez; Fremin, Brayon J.; Bouley, Donna M.; Elias, Joshua E.; Bhatt, Ami S.; Huang, Kerwyn Casey; Sonnenburg, Justin L.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.05.008

Cited by 205 publications

(204 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…We chose different NaCl concentrations to represent a change in the cellular environment. NaCl is a well-studied stressor in yeast cells and is relevant in human cells in the context of immune cell activation [22][23][24][25][26] and cell death 13 . We have developed two cell culture methodologies for time point (TP) measurements from continuously growing cells ( Figure 2b These changes need to be considered to accurately compute the desired pump profile and failure to do so can result in significant error in the pump profile as plotted in Figure 3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating kinetic environments to study dynamic cellular processes in single cells

Thiemicke

Jashnsaz

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Cells of any organism are consistently exposed to changes over time in their environment. The kinetics by which these changes occur are critical for the cellular response and fate decision. It is therefore important to control the temporal changes of extracellular stimuli precisely to understand biological mechanisms in a quantitative manner. Most current cell culture and biochemical studies focus on instant changes in the environment and therefore neglect the importance of kinetic environments. To address these shortcomings, we developed two experimental methodologies to precisely control the environment of single cells. These methodologies are compatible with standard biochemistry, molecular, cell and quantitative biology assays. We demonstrate applicability by obtaining time series and time point measurements in both live and fixed cells. We demonstrate the feasibility of the methodology in 2 yeast and mammalian cell culture in combination with widely used assays such as flow cytometry, time-lapse microscopy and single-molecule RNA Fluorescent in-situ Hybridization.Our experimental methodologies are easy to implement in most laboratory settings and allows the study of kinetic environments in a wide range of assays and different cell culture conditions. Recent pioneering studies have provided insights into how molecular processes differ in kinetic environments in comparison to instant changes in the environment 2-5,10-15 . These studies have often relied on two main approaches to deliver the desired kinetic perturbations on the cells. One is the use of specialized, small-scale and custom designed microfluidic setups [16][17][18][19][20] .But fabricating these devices is often complex, may require specialized equipment to produce,

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generating kinetic environments to study dynamic cellular processes in single cells

Thiemicke

Jashnsaz

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Whether the microbial profile is distinct in each of the two types of AN (restrictive and binge–purging), has only occasionally been explored, with one study finding no significant difference in bacterial abundance between the two subpopulations, and another reporting distinct perturbations in microbial composition in each AN type and decreased microbial diversity in those who had history of laxative use . Previous research in mice and humans suggests that acute use of laxatives can cause long‐term alterations in the gut microbiome . However, the long‐term impact of regular use of laxatives on microbiota in AN individuals is still unknown.…”

Section: Formative Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…95 Previous research in mice and humans suggests that acute use of laxatives can cause long-term alterations in the gut microbiome. 109,110 However, the long-term impact of regular use of laxatives on microbiota in AN individuals is still unknown. In general, the shifts in the intestinal microbial community can potentially affect the production and release of various metabolites and signaling molecules by gut microbial communities.…”

Section: Clinical Neurosciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reconceptualizing anorexia nervosa

Bulik

Flatt

Abbaspour

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Anorexia nervosa (AN) has one of the highest mortality rates of any psychiatric disorder. Treatments are often ineffective and relapse is common. Most research attempting to understand the underlying causes and maintenance factors of AN has focused on environmental contributions, yet there is much to be explored in terms of biological risk and maintenance factors. In this paper, we focus primarily on AN research related to genetics and the complex microbial community in the gut (intestinal microbiota), and how these impact our conceptualization of this disorder. Emerging research identifying significant negative genetic correlations between AN and obesity suggests that the conditions may represent ‘metabolic bookends’. The identification of underlying biological mechanisms may provide both insight into extreme weight dysregulation on both ends of the spectrum and new possible points of entry for AN treatment. Additionally, the reported microbial imbalance (dysbiosis) in the gut microbiota in AN patients, potentially due to a nutrient‐ and energy‐deprived gut environment, implies alterations in functional and metabolic capacity of the gut microbiome. The extent to which AN and obesity can also be considered to be ‘microbiome bookends’ requires further investigation. Finally, we discuss ongoing and future AN projects exploring the interplay between host genomics, the environment, and cumulative microbial genomes (microbiome) as well as interventions at the microbial and gut level.

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“…growth minus death) must be exactly balanced by the clearance of each species due to flow. Generally speaking, the growth rate of a species will be determined by the concentrations of nutrients that it can use and of substances that inhibit its metabolism, as well as environmental variables such as pH and osmolality . Recently, microbiota growth rates have been estimated, using snapshot metagenomics approaches, to range from between one and ten replications per day, with a differential rate depending on the phyla .…”

Section: Host Intestinal Physiology and The Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Growing, evolving and sticking in a flowing environment: understanding IgA interactions with bacteria in the gut

et al. 2019

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Summary Immunology research in the last 50 years has made huge progress in understanding the mechanisms of anti‐bacterial defense of deep, normally sterile, tissues such as blood, spleen and peripheral lymph nodes. In the intestine, with its dense commensal microbiota, it seems rare that this knowledge can be simply translated. Here we put forward the idea that perhaps it is not always the theory of immunology that is lacking to explain mucosal immunity, but rather that we have overlooked crucial parts of the mucosal immunological language required for its translation: namely intestinal and bacterial physiology. We will try to explain this in the context of intestinal secretory antibodies (mainly secretory IgA), which have been described to prevent, to alter, to not affect, or to promote colonization of the intestine and gut‐draining lymphoid tissues, and where effector mechanisms have remained elusive. In fact, these apparently contradictory outcomes can be generated by combining the basic premises of bacterial agglutination with an understanding of bacterial growth (i.e. secretory IgA‐driven enchained growth), fluid handling and bacterial competition in the gut lumen.

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Transient Osmotic Perturbation Causes Long-Term Alteration to the Gut Microbiota

Cited by 205 publications

References 72 publications

Generating kinetic environments to study dynamic cellular processes in single cells

Generating kinetic environments to study dynamic cellular processes in single cells

Reconceptualizing anorexia nervosa

Growing, evolving and sticking in a flowing environment: understanding IgA interactions with bacteria in the gut

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