Transient post‐traumatic hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in two cats

Vignoli, Massimo; Toniato, Matteo; Rossi, Federica; Terragni, Rossella; Manzini, Michelle; Franchi, Alberto; Pozzi, Lara

doi:10.1111/j.1748-5827.2002.tb00080.x

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…D iaphragmatic paralysis has been reported in a variety of animal species including llamas, alpacas, ponies, dogs, and cats . Proposed mechanisms include pneumonia, trauma, neuropathy (degeneration of the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm muscles), myopathy or idiopathic causes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conventional diagnostic imaging methods for detecting canine diaphragmatic paralysis include plain radiography, fluoroscopy, and B‐mode ultrasonography. In man, thoracic radiographic diagnoses are based on minimal to absent craniocaudal movement (<one‐half of a vertebral body) of the diaphragmatic crura during inspiration and expiration . However, the radiographic appearance of the diaphragm in dogs varies, depending on patient positioning, x‐ray beam centering, respiration, gravity, age, and breed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Motion in Normal and Diaphragmatic Paralyzed Dogs Using M‐mode Ultrasonography

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Diagnosis of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in dogs is currently based on fluoroscopic detection of unequal movement between the crura. Bilateral paralysis may be more difficult to confirm with fluoroscopy because diaphragmatic movement is sometimes produced by compensatory abdominal muscle contractions. The purpose of this study was to develop a new method to evaluate diaphragmatic movement using M-mode ultrasonography and to describe findings for normal and diaphragmatic paralyzed dogs. Fifty-five clinically normal dogs and two dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis were recruited. Thoracic radiographs were acquired for all dogs and fluoroscopy studies were also acquired for clinically affected dogs. Two observers independently measured diaphragmatic direction of motion and amplitude of excursion using M-mode ultrasonography for dogs meeting study inclusion criteria. Eight of the clinically normal dogs were excluded due to abnormal thoracic radiographic findings. For the remaining normal dogs, the lower limit values of diaphragmatic excursion were 2.85-2.98 mm during normal breathing. One dog with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis showed paradoxical movement of both crura at the end of inspiration. One dog with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis had diaphragmatic excursion values of 2.00 ± 0.42 mm on the left side and 4.05 ± 1.48 mm on the right side. The difference between left and right diaphragmatic excursion values was 55%. Findings indicated that M-mode ultrasonography is a relatively simple and objective method for measuring diaphragmatic movement in dogs. Future studies are needed in a larger number of dogs with diaphragmatic paralysis to determine the diagnostic sensitivity of this promising new technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Motion in Normal and Diaphragmatic Paralyzed Dogs Using M‐mode Ultrasonography

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Kim³

et al. 2013

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Respiratory distress secondary to diaphragmatic dysfunction has been reported in many species including alpacas, cats, dogs, llamas, humans, and ponies . Diaphragmatic dysfunction is suspected to be a cause of respiratory complications in dogs with cervical spinal disorders .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diaphragmatic dysfunction in dogs with cervical spinal disorders before and after surgery using fluoroscopy, motion‐mode ultrasound and radiography was not different than a group of control dogs

Drury¹,

Brinkman

Gambino

et al. 2020

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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Cervical spinal disorders can lead to life-threatening respiratory complications. Diaphragmatic dysfunction is attributed to spinal cord morbidity secondary to cervical myelopathy or decompressive surgical intervention. The purpose of this observational case-control study was to determine the frequency of diaphragmatic dysfunction in dogs with cervical spinal disorders and a control group, the strength of association between cervical myelopathies and decompressive surgery with diaphragm paresis, and the agreement between and clinical usefulness of fluoroscopy, motionmode ultrasonography, and radiography for diagnosing diaphragmatic dysfunction. Thirty-five client-owned dogs were recruited with 14 control dogs and 21 test dogs. Dogs were evaluated for the presence of diaphragmatic dysfunction using radiography, M-mode ultrasonography, and fluoroscopy before and after an anesthetic or surgical event. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was observed more frequently in dogs with cervical spinal disease prior to surgery (8/21; 38.1%) compared to control dogs (3/14; 21.4%) but was not statistically significant (P = .30). The occurrence of diaphragmatic dysfunction did not significantly increase following surgical decompression in either group. There was no to slight agreement between all imaging modalities. Most dogs with diaphragmatic dysfunction were asymptomatic. Diaphragmatic dysfunction was not statistically associated with cervical myelopathy or decompressive surgery. Ultrasonography and radiography were not useful diagnostic tests for determining diaphragmatic dysfunction in asymptomatic dogs when compared to fluoroscopy.

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“…Diaphragmatic paralysis has been described in a few animals, including a pony, a dog, a llama, and 3 cats 1–5 . The condition can be hemilateral or bilateral, with bilateral showing more severe signs of respiratory distress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The condition can be hemilateral or bilateral, with bilateral showing more severe signs of respiratory distress. Diaphragmatic paralysis in animals and humans has been attributed to central or peripheral nervous system trauma or compression, degeneration of the phrenic nerves that innervate the diaphragm muscle, or myopathies 2,4–6 . Unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis can be asymptomatic; however, animals or humans with bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis typically show signs of respiratory distress and demonstrate a paradoxical abdominal respiratory pattern in which the abdominal musculature contracts inward on inspiration 1–3,6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurological Causes of Diaphragmatic Paralysis in 11 Alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

Byers

Barrington

Nelson

et al. 2011

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Background: Diaphragmatic paralysis is a relatively uncommon medical condition in animals not reported in alpacas. Objectives: Describe the signalment, physical examination, diagnostic testing, clinical, and histopathologic findings related to diaphragmatic paralysis in alpacas.Animals: Eleven alpacas with spontaneous diaphragmatic paralysis. Methods: A retrospective study examined medical records from a 10-year period and identified 11 alpacas with confirmed diaphragmatic paralysis admitted to Washington State University and Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospitals between September 2003 and October 2009.Results: The 11 alpacas ranged in age from 2 to 12 months. Fluoroscopic imaging confirmed the presence of bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis in the 7 alpacas that were imaged. Arterial blood gas analyses showed hypercapnea, hypoxemia, and low oxygen saturation. Seven alpacas died or were euthanized between 2 and 60 days after onset of respiratory signs. Histopathologic examination of tissues found phrenic nerve degeneration in the 6 alpacas that were necropsied and additional long nerves examined demonstrated degeneration in 2 of these animals. Two animals had spinal cord lesions and 2 had diaphragm muscle abnormalities. No etiologic agent was identified in the alpacas.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: The etiology for diaphragmatic paralysis in these alpacas is unknown. A variety of medical treatments did not appear to alter the outcome.

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Transient post‐traumatic hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in two cats

Cited by 9 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Motion in Normal and Diaphragmatic Paralyzed Dogs Using M‐mode Ultrasonography

Evaluation of Diaphragmatic Motion in Normal and Diaphragmatic Paralyzed Dogs Using M‐mode Ultrasonography

Diaphragmatic dysfunction in dogs with cervical spinal disorders before and after surgery using fluoroscopy, motion‐mode ultrasound and radiography was not different than a group of control dogs

Neurological Causes of Diaphragmatic Paralysis in 11 Alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

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