Transient Presence of Live Leptospira interrogans in Murine Testes

Shetty, Advait; Kundu, Suman; Vernel-Pauillac, Frédérique; Ratet, Gwendoline; Werts, Catherine; Gomes-Solecki, Maria

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02775-21

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…An intriguing study in mice infected with Leptospira demonstrated that live culturable Leptospira may be present in the testes during the acute phase (not at 15 days post-infection). This finding raises the possibility of mammal-to-mammal venereal transmission [15]. The mechanisms of Leptospira pathogenesis are still elusive.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Fulminant Leptospirosis Presenting with Rapidly Developing Acute Renal Failure and Multiorgan Failure

Liu,

Chen,

Chen

2024

Biomedicines

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Leptospirosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the Leptospira genus, is a common zoonosis in tropical and subtropical regions and can lead to an epidemic following heavy rainfall or flooding. The primary reservoirs of Leptospira include rodents, wild animals, dogs, cats, amphibians, and others, but the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) remains the main source of human Leptospirosis. Humans are often accidental hosts and they can be infected through cuts, abrasions, mucosa, conjunctiva, or by ingesting contaminated water. The clinical manifestation of leptospirosis can vary from mild, nonspecific symptoms to a fatal outcome involving liver and renal failure, pulmonary hemorrhage, meningitis, and septic shock. The severity of fatal outcomes is likely to be due to virulence factors, host susceptibility, and epidemiological conditions. L. interrogans are associated with high-risk individuals, particularly patients older than 60 years of age in clinical settings. The current case study showed a foreign worker who presented with rapidly deteriorating clinical signs of fever, jaundice, impaired consciousness, and oliguric acute renal failure. Drawing from our experience, it is advisable to consider the possibility of leptospirosis diagnosis in patients who show clinical symptoms such as fever, hepatic failure with jaundice, and acute renal failure. This is particularly important for those individuals with a prior history of pathogen exposure. This case study had a strong suspicion of leptospirosis, which was confirmed by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and, later, the patient’s recovery following treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Aseptic meningitis may present with a range of symptoms, from none to disorientation or obtundation. The incidence of aseptic meningitis can affect up to 80% of patients [15]. Renal symptoms, such as hematuria, pyuria, azotemia, and acute renal failure, may occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fulminant Leptospirosis Presenting with Rapidly Developing Acute Renal Failure and Multiorgan Failure

Liu,

Chen,

Chen

2024

Biomedicines

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“…Patoc (Supplementary Figure 1). Importantly, transient presence of Leptospira in low quantities has been shown previously in testes following infection before ultimate colonization of the kidney (Shetty et al, 2022). Therefore, the number of organisms is likely not biologically important due to the low overall burden in the heart.…”

Section: Intravenous Inoculation Leads To Reproducible Bacterial Burd...mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Mouse strains exhibit differential susceptibility to infection by Leptospira . C3H/HeJ mice, a strain known to be susceptible to Leptospira , were selected for use in our short-term model of infection ( Poltorak et al., 1998 ; Nally et al., 2005 ; da Silva et al., 2012 ; Richer et al., 2015 ; Shetty et al., 2021 ; Shetty et al., 2022 ). It has long been known that TLR4 is important in controlling leptospirosis, as mice lacking TLR4 are susceptible to acute disease ( Pereira et al., 1998 ; Viriyakosol et al., 2006 ; Nair et al., 2020a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematogenous dissemination of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira in a short-term murine model of infection

Surdel

Anderson

Hahn

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Because rodents are natural hosts of Leptospira, rodent models of pathogenesis have been limited, but are valuable to understand infection in reservoir animals even in the absence of disease. Mouse models of infection provide advantages due to genetic tractability, so developing murine models of Leptospira infection is crucial for further understanding the biology of this organism. Previously our laboratory developed a short-term murine model of Borrelia burgdorferi hematogenous dissemination to investigate the role of adhesion proteins on bacterial survival and dissemination within a host. Here we adapt this model to Leptospira. C3H/HeJ mice are anesthetized, inoculated intravenously, and then bacteria are allowed to circulate for up to twenty-four hours. Mice are euthanized, perfused with saline, and tissues are harvested for culture and DNA purification. Bacterial burdens are determined by quantitative PCR. Reproducible burdens of bacteria were found in tissues upon inoculation with pathogens and non-pathogens, demonstrating the utility of this model to probe different Leptospira species and strains. Pathogenic L. interrogans has a significantly higher burden in blood, liver, kidney, and bladder at one-hour post-inoculation when compared to non-pathogenic L. biflexa. Colonization of the kidney is essential to the life cycle of pathogenic Leptospira in nature. Measurable burdens of non-pathogenic L. biflexa were found in numerous organs and live leptospires were recovered from blood samples for at least three hours post-inoculation, contrary to the previous belief that non-pathogenic leptospires are rapidly cleared. This short-term murine model of Leptospira hematogenous dissemination will allow for the interrogation of virulence factors potentially important for tissue colonization and evasion of host defenses, and represents a novel animal model for investigating determinants of Leptospira infection.

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“…In a recent review, this evidence was compiled, and the "Bovine Genital Leptospirosis" (BGL) syndrome was suggested as a disease dissociated from renal infection, rather than a secondary infection [13]. After that, the study of genital infection (even in other animal species) was performed by ours and other groups to confirm its agents, understand pathogenesis, and improve diagnosis methods and control protocols [33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Leptospiral Infection In Bovinementioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease

Aymée,

Mendes,

Lilenbaum

2024

Animals

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Bovine leptospirosis is an important disease that affects the reproductive sphere. Due to its high relevance for the bovine production chain in a worldwide scenario, a better understanding of the disease is crucial to reduce its negative impacts. The main agents are strains from the Sejroe serogroup, such as Hardjo and Guaricura, which lead to renal and genital infection. The genital colonization causes a chronic, silent, and subclinical reproductive syndrome, called Bovine Genital Leptospirosis (BGL). Embryonic death, estrus repetition, subfertility, and abortions are the main signs of BGL condition in females. However, although leptospires have been identified in semen, the manifestation of BGL in bulls remains to be clarified. The recommended diagnosis of BGL includes a serologic screening of the herds using the microscopic agglutination test followed by PCR of genital samples (cervicovaginal mucus, uterine fragment, or semen), especially from animals with reproductive failures. After the identification of carriers, control is carried out considering three steps: antimicrobial treatment of the carriers, environmental and reproductive management, and herd vaccination. Systematic testing, quarantine of newly arrived animals, and usage of antimicrobials in semen diluents or embryo culture media are other sanitary approaches that are encouraged to improve the control of the syndrome. Herein we discuss protocols for an efficient diagnosis and preventive procedures of BGL, which are fundamental to reducing the negative impact of the disease on cattle reproduction and its consequent economic hazards.

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Transient Presence of Live Leptospira interrogans in Murine Testes

Abstract: Analysis of venereal transmission of Leptospira is important to determine if direct animal to animal transmission occurs, which could impact measures to prevent and treat leptospirosis. The goal of this study was to determine if live Leptospira colonize mouse testes.

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

Fulminant Leptospirosis Presenting with Rapidly Developing Acute Renal Failure and Multiorgan Failure

Fulminant Leptospirosis Presenting with Rapidly Developing Acute Renal Failure and Multiorgan Failure

Hematogenous dissemination of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Leptospira in a short-term murine model of infection

Bovine Genital Leptospirosis: An Update of This Important Reproductive Disease

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