Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks

Wang, Zhongrui; Xiao, Jing; Zhao, Ting; Zhang, Chunxiao; Wang, Luping; He, Na; Kong, Qingming; Xu, Wei

doi:10.1039/d3cc02479b

“…Among them, some use chemical reaction networks (CRN) to adjust the structure of gel materials. [23] In this section, we summarize the different response mechanisms of hydrogel. [23,24] A response mechanism is that hydrogels can undergo a volume-to-phase transition after being exposed to corresponding stimulus, which leads to sudden changes of the network, such as expansion, collapse, or sol-to-gel transition.…”

Section: Responsive Mechanisms Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[23] In this section, we summarize the different response mechanisms of hydrogel. [23,24] A response mechanism is that hydrogels can undergo a volume-to-phase transition after being exposed to corresponding stimulus, which leads to sudden changes of the network, such as expansion, collapse, or sol-to-gel transition. [25] In the presence of certain analytes, some hydrogels can swell and shrink reversibly.…”

Section: Responsive Mechanisms Of Hydrogelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Chemical Sensing and Biosensing

Li,

Dai,

Hu

2023

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

8

0

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The development and synthesis of hydrogels for chemical and biosensing are of great value. Hydrogels can be tailored to its own physical structure, chemical properties, biocompatibility, and sensitivity to external stimuli when being used in a specific environment. Herein, hydrogels and their applications in chemical and biosensing are mainly covered. In particular, it is focused on the manner in which hydrogels serve as sensing materials to a specific analyte. Different types of responsive hydrogels are hence introduced and summarized. Researchers can modify different chemical groups on the skeleton of the hydrogels, which make them as good chemical and biosensing materials. Hydrogels have great application potential for chemical and biosensing in the biomedical field and some emerging fields, such as wearable devices.

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“…For example, muscle contraction is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP. [3,4] Drawing inspiration from nature, recent research has focused on leveraging chemical fuels to enhance the mechanical properties of polymer materials, [5][6][7][8] and to drive controlled swelling [9] and phase separation. [10] These systems give transient changes in properties and are related to stimuli-responsive polymer hydrogels, which change their physical or chemical properties in response to, for example, light, [11,12] temperature, [13] pH, [14,15] or electrical fields, [16] with potential applications in drug delivery, [17,18] as sensors, [19,20] and as wearable devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbodiimide‐Driven Toughening of Interpenetrated Polymer Networks

Rajawasam,

Tran,

Sparks

et al. 2024

Angewandte Chemie

0

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Recent work has demonstrated that temporary crosslinks in polymer networks generated by chemical “fuels” afford materials with large, transient changes in their mechanical properties. This can be accomplished in carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized polymer hydrogels using carbodiimides, which generate anhydride crosslinks with lifetimes on the order of minutes to hours. Here, the impact of the polymer network architecture on the mechanical properties of transiently crosslinked materials was explored. Single networks (SNs) were compared to interpenetrated networks (IPNs). Notably, semi‐IPN precursors that give IPNs on treatment with the carbodiimide give much higher fracture energies (i.e., resistance to fracture) and superior resistance to compressive strain compared to other network architectures. A precursor semi‐IPN material featuring acrylic acid in only the free polymer chains yields, on treatment with carbodiimide, an IPN with a fracture energy of 2400 J/m2, a fourfold increase compared to an analogous semi‐IPN precursor that yields a SN. This resistance to fracture enables the formation of macroscopic complex cut patterns, even at high strain, underscoring the pivotal role of polymer architecture in mechanical performance.

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Carbodiimide‐Driven Toughening of Interpenetrated Polymer Networks

Rajawasam,

Tran,

Sparks

et al. 2024

Angew Chem Int Ed

3

0

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Recent work has demonstrated that temporary crosslinks in polymer networks generated by chemical “fuels” afford materials with large, transient changes in their mechanical properties. This can be accomplished in carboxylic‐acid‐functionalized polymer hydrogels using carbodiimides, which generate anhydride crosslinks with lifetimes on the order of minutes to hours. Here, the impact of the polymer network architecture on the mechanical properties of transiently crosslinked materials was explored. Single networks (SNs) were compared to interpenetrated networks (IPNs). Notably, semi‐IPN precursors that give IPNs on treatment with the carbodiimide give much higher fracture energies (i.e., resistance to fracture) and superior resistance to compressive strain compared to other network architectures. A precursor semi‐IPN material featuring acrylic acid in only the free polymer chains yields, on treatment with carbodiimide, an IPN with a fracture energy of 2400 J/m2, a fourfold increase compared to an analogous semi‐IPN precursor that yields a SN. This resistance to fracture enables the formation of macroscopic complex cut patterns, even at high strain, underscoring the pivotal role of polymer architecture in mechanical performance.

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Transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks

Abstract: The transient regulation of gel properties by chemical reaction networks (CRNs) represents an emerging and effective strategy to program or temporally control the structures, properties, and functions of gel materials...

Cited by 9 publications

References 120 publications

Hydrogels for Chemical Sensing and Biosensing

Hydrogels for Chemical Sensing and Biosensing

Carbodiimide‐Driven Toughening of Interpenetrated Polymer Networks

Carbodiimide‐Driven Toughening of Interpenetrated Polymer Networks

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