Transient Response Characteristics of Metal Oxide Arrester under High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse

Qin, Fangfang; Chen, Wei; Wang, Xutong; Huang, Tao; Cui, Zhitong; Nie, Xin

doi:10.3390/en15093303

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…However, under the action of a nanosecond pulse, the clamp area of the arrester oscillates; thus, reading the clamp voltage is challenging. Therefore, UC is obtained using the first peak of the oscillation region after the overshoot peak [21]. 2) Response time ts: This refers to the time from the external trigger of a device to the start of the device action.…”

Section: B Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to lightning or operation overvoltage, HEMP has a fast-rising edge of nanoseconds, placing higher requirements on the protective performance of ZnO arresters [20][21]. Under different impulse waveforms, the response characteristics of ZnO arresters are also different, depending on the amplitude and rising rate of each impulse current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response Characteristics of a ZnO Arrester Under Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulse

et al. 2024

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Zinc oxide arresters, a major type of overvoltage protection equipment in power systems, can suppress transient lightning overvoltage, operation overvoltage, and other types of power surges. However, the response characteristics and protection effects under nanosecond pulses, such as those in a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse conduction region, remain unclear. Therefore, the surge protection performance of arresters should be properly understood, and high-performance arresters should be developed. In this study, critical parameters, including overshoot peak voltage, residual voltage, response time, and voltammetry characteristics of a representative 10 kV ZnO arrester under nanosecond pulses, were obtained using a double exponential pulse current injection source. The overshoot peak voltage of this arrester under a nanosecond pulse is 2.19 times of lightning impulse residual voltage, and the residual voltage ratio under a nanosecond pulse is 4.31. The average response time is approximately 45 ns, and the response time is independent of the nanosecond pulse amplitude. Furthermore, an electromagnetic transient model of this type of lightning arrester is established based on the CIGRE guidelines, as well as a method to determine the key parameters. The model can simultaneously account for the response characteristics of the small current region and the conduction region of the arrester, which properly agrees with the experimental results.INDEX TERMS ZnO arrester, response characteristics, nanosecond electromagnetic pulse, overvoltage protection, voltammetry characteristics.

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Section: B Characterization Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Characteristics of a ZnO Arrester Under Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulse

et al. 2024

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“…GDT and MOV devices, despite their high power capacity, are limited by their extended response times and larger parasitic capacitance [33]. TVS diodes, in contrast, exhibit shorter response times and smaller parasitic capacitance, albeit with a lower power capacity [34]. The Darlington structure, on the other hand, provides the advantage of reduced parasitic capacitance and excellent protection against electromagnetic pulses.…”

Section: Design Of the Protection Circuitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design

Ma,

Liu,

Duan

et al. 2023

Electronics

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In order to analyze the interference mechanisms of indirect lightning effects on a low-noise amplifier (LNA), a circuit model of the LNA was constructed based on the advanced design system 2020 (ADS 2020) software. Lightning pulse injection simulations were conducted to explore the influence of lightning pulses on the performance of the LNA. A pin injection test was performed to investigate the interference and damage threshold of the LNA. A protective circuit incorporating the transient voltage suppressor (TVS) and Darlington structure was designed through simulation, employing the ADS 2020 for the LNA. The research findings reveal that the interference threshold for the LNA is 60 V, while the damage threshold is determined to be 100 V. The protective circuit demonstrates a measured insertion loss of 0.1 dB, a response time of 1.5 ns, and a peak output voltage of 20 V. The research results indicate that the protective circuit can effectively reduce the impact of lightning’s indirect effects on the LNA. In the future, we will continue the design work of the protective circuit and proceed with physical fabrication and experimental validation.

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“…The electrical grid has become more complicated and vulnerable to unusual electromagnetic phenomena, such as very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO), due to more electronics and informational devices being used. High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) could induce a fast, high-amplitude current or voltage pulse on the transmission line, threatening the devices connected to the transmission line, such as metal oxide arresters, insulators, and transformers [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Because the whole electrical grid cannot be tested under a HEMP radiation wave simulator, such as a vertical or horizontal polarization device, the main testing method is to use pulse injection, which injects the energy of a HEMP into the electrical equipment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Statistical Characteristics Analysis for Overvoltage of Elevated Transmission Line under High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Based on Rosenblatt Transformation and Polynomial Chaos Expansion

Liu,

Hei,

Mao

et al. 2023

Energies

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A High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) could induce very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) with nanosecond level rise time and mega-volt amplitude, which severely threatens the electrical devices connected to the elevated transmission line. An elevated transmission line with different locations may suffer different levels of HEMP threat since the dip angle could influence the polarization of the HEMP wave. The combination of Rosenblatt Transformation and Polynomial Chaos Expansion (R-PCE) is introduced in this paper. With this method, the efficiency of calculating the overvoltage of an elevated transmission line under HEMP is improved, speeding up 24.75 times. The influence of different factors (dip angle, elevated height, and earth conductivity) on the overvoltage of elevated transmission lines applied in power systems is calculated and analyzed. The numerical result shows with 99.9% confidence that the overvoltage would be over 3.7 MV of amplitude and 6.7 × 1014 V/s of voltage derivative, which is much more rigorous than a lighting pulse. We also find that elevated transmission lines may have a larger HEMP threat in a small dip angle area. The corresponding data are shown at the end of the paper, which could be useful for relative researchers in pulse injection experiments and reliable evaluation.

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Transient Response Characteristics of Metal Oxide Arrester under High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Response Characteristics of a ZnO Arrester Under Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulse

Response Characteristics of a ZnO Arrester Under Nanosecond Electromagnetic Pulse

Analysis of Indirect Lightning Effects on Low-Noise Amplifier and Protection Design

The Statistical Characteristics Analysis for Overvoltage of Elevated Transmission Line under High-Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse Based on Rosenblatt Transformation and Polynomial Chaos Expansion

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