Transient study during clay bricks cooking in the traditional kiln; CFD numerical study

Ngom, Mamadou Abdou Babou; Thiam, Ababacar; Balhamri, Adil; Sabourin, Vincent; Raffak, Tarik; Refaey, H.A.

doi:10.1016/j.csite.2021.101672

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This comprehensive procedure not only demands a considerable number of human resources, along with heavy machinery, but also raises concerns about the exploitation of natural resources [17]. Claybased veneers are fired in a kiln at a very high temperature of 900 • C [18]. This makes them better in terms of fire-resisting capability [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Coal Char-Based Building Products: Manufacturing, Engineering Performance, and Techno-Economic Analysis for the USA Market

Pandey,

Yu,

Lau

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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Common building products, i.e., thin brick and stone veneer, add the look of brick walls or the enduring charm of natural stones into buildings and houses without imposing a substantial increase in structural load. This study investigates the mechanical strength, durability, and economic feasibility of producing innovative char-based thin bricks and stone veneers. The char-based thin brick vacuum treated with hydrophobic liquid exhibits water absorption rates within the 4–7% range, displays durability against 50 freeze–thaw (F-T) cycles, and maintains a saturation coefficient below 0.6. In contrast, commercial thin bricks have water absorption of 9–12%. Treated char-based stone veneer has water absorption of 5.3% and an average compressive strength of 19.2 MPa, maintains its structural integrity throughout 50 F-T cycles, and exhibits a negligible linear shrinkage of approximately 0.01%. In contrast, commercial stone veneers have water absorption of 10–16%. These engineering properties meet the criteria as per ASTM standards C1088 and C1670 for thin brick and stone veneer, respectively. A techno-economic study was preliminarily conducted to examine the potential cost efficiency and cash flow in manufacturing these char-based building products. The manufacturing cost of USD 25.83 is lower than the average market price of 64.65 USD/sq. m. for thin bricks. The manufacturing cost of USD 32.65 is lower than the average market price of 129.17 USD/sq. m. for stone veneers. These comparisons present a compelling economic advantage for their commercialization. This comprehensive study has demonstrated the advantages of sustainable char-based stone veneers and thin bricks regarding engineering performance and economic benefits.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Coal Char-Based Building Products: Manufacturing, Engineering Performance, and Techno-Economic Analysis for the USA Market

Pandey,

Yu,

Lau

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Since the theoretical specific energy consumption rate is less than half the actual rate, efforts have been directed to reducing the specific energy consumption of bricks, including by reducing the intensity of the brick arrangement in the kiln car (brick setting density). Among these efforts are the steady-state and transient simulations of tunnel kiln firing [15][16][17] or fast firing [18], improvements of the kiln performance [19][20][21][22][23][24] through the use of modern equipment [25,26], fuel consumption improvements [14,27], the optimization of recovered air [28], flow uniformity improvements [29,30], and flow mixing improvements via air side injection [31]. As the heat transfer in tunnel kilns contains about 80% convection and 20% radiation, extensive efforts have been made to investigate the heat transfer in tunnel kilns [32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Effect of Brick Surface Roughness and Lattice Setting Density on Brick Firing in Tunnel Kilns

et al. 2022

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This paper investigates the combined effect of the kiln or brick surface roughness and the brick lattice setting density on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics in tunnel kilns. The flow uniformity, pressure drop, convective heat transfer coefficient (CHTC), and pumping power are studied. A high-density setting (HDS), which comprises 768 bricks, and a low-density setting (LDS), which comprises 512 bricks, are tested for kiln boundaries and brick surface roughness levels of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm. The investigation is conducted using a 3D-CFD model with the k-ω turbulence model. The surface roughness changes from 0 to 4 mm for either kiln walls or bricks while fixing the other. The results show that increasing the tunnel kiln surface roughness from 0 to 4 mm increases the pressure drop of both the HDS and LDS by about 13.5%. It also increases the established CHTC value of the LDS more than the HDS by about 23% for all tested roughness levels. Changing the brick surface roughness from 0 to 4 mm increases the pressure drop and CHTC value for the LDS more than for the HDS by about 10% and 12%, respectively. Additionally, the total heat transfer rate-to-pumping power ratio for the LDS is larger than for the HDS by 17.4% for smooth bricks and 23.1% for the brick roughness of 2 mm, i.e., the brick roughness provides a greater advantage to the LDS. The results confirm that the LDS for rough and smooth bricks loaded in tunnel kilns attains a better brick quality, a higher heat transfer rate, and a lower pumping power than the HDS.

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Transient thermal behavior in brick tunnel kiln with guide vanes: Experimental study

Refaey

Almohammadi

Abdel-Aziz

et al. 2022

Case Studies in Thermal Engineering

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Transient study during clay bricks cooking in the traditional kiln; CFD numerical study

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

New Coal Char-Based Building Products: Manufacturing, Engineering Performance, and Techno-Economic Analysis for the USA Market

New Coal Char-Based Building Products: Manufacturing, Engineering Performance, and Techno-Economic Analysis for the USA Market

Combined Effect of Brick Surface Roughness and Lattice Setting Density on Brick Firing in Tunnel Kilns

Transient thermal behavior in brick tunnel kiln with guide vanes: Experimental study

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