Transistor Switch Stimulus Isolator

Fein, Howard

doi:10.1063/1.1716816

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Stimulating pulses were rectangular, 0-50 V, usually 50 psec duration. For stimulation within the brain, a stimulus isolation unit (Fein, 1960) minimized stimulus artifact.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge patterns of principal cells and interneurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

Burke¹,

Sefton²

1966

The Journal of Physiology

182

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SUMMARY1. The cells of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the rat are classified into one of two distinct groups on the basis of their responses to a single shock to optic nerve or visual cortex. The distinctive difference between these two groups is that the P cells (87 % of all cells) responded with short bursts of 1-5 spikes, whereas the I cells (13 %) responded with long bursts of about 10 spikes. Both groups give recurring bursts at intervals of 100 msec or more for a total duration of up to about 5 sec.2. The majority of P cells (75 %) have a lower threshold for late firing than for early firing. The majority of I cells (62 %) have about the same threshold and all I cells have very low thresholds.3. To stimulation of the optic nerve the mean latency of the first spikes of all P cells is 4-4 msec. The mean latency of the first spikes of all I cells is 5*8 msec. The latency of the earliest spike in an I cell is 0(9 msec longer than the earliest spike in a P cell.4. To stimulation of the visual cortex the latency of the earliest spike in an I cell is 1-0 msec longer than the earliest spike in a P cell. Most P cells (78 %) respond with either very short latency (less than 1X7 msec) or with a wave form characteristic of antidromic invasion or both. No I cell has either of these characterstics.5. It is concluded that P cells are principal cells projecting to visual cortex and that I cells are interneurones.

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“…Stimulating pulses were rectangular, 0-50 V, usually 50 psec duration. For stimulation within the brain, a stimulus isolation unit (Fein, 1960) minimized stimulus artifact.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discharge patterns of principal cells and interneurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

Burke¹,

Sefton²

1966

The Journal of Physiology

182

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…6. A uniselector (rotating stepping switch) switched the output ofthe stimulus isolation unit (Fein, 1960) in rapid succession to each ofthe 10 electrode pairs. A simple timing circuit (R 1, Cl and Q 1) generated pulses which triggered the siliconcontrolled rectifier Q 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A single‐neurone investigation of somatotopic organization within the cat's trigeminal brain‐stem nuclei

Darian‐Smith¹,

Proctor²,

Ryan³

1963

The Journal of Physiology

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In the preceding paper (Darian-Smith, Phillips & Ryan, 1963) the marked difference in the functional characteristics of the neurone population within the nucleus tractus spinalis oralis and nucleus tractus spinalis interpolaris (Olszewski, 1950) activated by stimulation of a single region of the face, was described. In view of the fact that several recent investigators concerned with the somatotopic organization of the trigeminal brain-stem complex (Darian-Smith & Mayday, 1960;Kruger & Michel, 1962;Wall & Taub, 1962) had not reported such changes, the present experiments were carried out to examine specifically the pattern of projection of cutaneous afferent fibres of the face and tongue on to the main sensory nucleus, nucleus tractus spinalis oralis, nucleus tractus spinalis interpolaris and nucleus tractus spinalis caudalis. METHODS Adult cats weighing between 2-8 and 4-3 kg were used for all experiments. The anaesthetic, operative, recording and histological techniques were similar to those described in the previous paper (Darian-Smith et al. 1963). However, specific identification of those trigeminal neurones projecting to the contralateral arcuate nucleus of the thalamus was not made.Electrical stimulation of the skin of the ipsilateral face was performed in the following way. Bipolar electrodes were inserted into the skin of the face and tongue in positions similar to those shown in Fig. 6. A uniselector (rotating stepping switch) switched the output ofthe stimulus isolation unit (Fein, 1960) in rapid succession to each ofthe 10 electrode pairs. A simple timing circuit (R 1, Cl and Q 1) generated pulses which triggered the siliconcontrolled rectifier Q 2. This in turn operated the 30 Q driving coil of the uniselector U 1. The make (M) and break (B) contacts of U 1 reset the circuit after each step. The components C 2 and D 2 prevented interference due to switching voltage transients. An array of ten small neon tubes, not shown in the figure, indicated the stimulus site.VVhilst successive sites were being stimulated, with a stepping rate of 1-5/sec and a stimulus repetition rate of 4/sec, the recording micro-electrode was slowly advanced through the nucleus until a neurone was identified. Manual operation of the switch then allowed the extent of the cell's receptive field (to electrical stimulation) to be estimated. By means of a brush this was checked for light mechanical stimulation of the skin.10-2

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“…The electrical pulse was a square wave 50 ,usec in duration. The stimulus isolation unit used was similar to that described by Fein (1960). Then by means of a small brush the unit's response to light mechanical stimulation of the skin was examined, and its receptive field size determined.…”

Section: Darian-smith and Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional organization in the trigeminal main sensory and rostral spinal nuclei of the cat

Darian‐Smith¹,

Phillips²,

Ryan³

1963

The Journal of Physiology

173

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Transistor Switch Stimulus Isolator

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Discharge patterns of principal cells and interneurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

Discharge patterns of principal cells and interneurones in lateral geniculate nucleus of rat

A single‐neurone investigation of somatotopic organization within the cat's trigeminal brain‐stem nuclei

Functional organization in the trigeminal main sensory and rostral spinal nuclei of the cat

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