Transit delay and flow quantification in muscle with continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion‐MRI

Wu, Wen‐Teng; Wang, Danny J.J.; Detre, John A.; Ratcliffe, Sarah J.; Floyd, Thomas F.

doi:10.1002/jmri.21322

Cited by 30 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…If the PLD is too short, the label remaining in large vessels leads to regional flow overestimation, whereas the signal-to-noise ratio can be compromised if the PLD is too long. Our previous study suggested that arterial transit times in the skeletal muscle may be prolonged and that venous outflow of unextracted label during hyperemia occurs (48). These confounds can be minimized by using a relatively long PLD (1,900 ms) to maximize inflow along with a relatively long TR (4 s) to allow unextracted label to fully decay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hyperemic flow heterogeneity within the calf, foot, and forearm measured with continuous arterial spin labeling MRI

Wang

Detre

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique for microvascular blood flow measurement. We used a continuous ASL scheme (CASL) to investigate the hyperemic flow difference between major muscle groups in human extremities. Twenty-four healthy subjects with no evidence of vascular disease were recruited. MRI was conducted on a 3.0 Tesla Siemens Trio whole body system with a transmit/receive knee coil. A nonmagnetic orthopedic tourniquet system was used to create a 5-min period of ischemia followed by a period of hyperemic flow (occlusion pressure = 250 mmHg). CASL imaging, lasting from 2 min before cuff inflation to 3 min after cuff deflation, was performed on the midcalf, midfoot, and midforearm in separate sessions from which blood flow was quantified with an effective temporal resolution of 16 s. When muscles in the same anatomic location were compared, hyperemic flow was found to be significantly higher in the compartments containing muscles known to have relatively higher slow-twitch type I fiber compositions, such as the soleus muscle in the calf and the extensors in the forearm. In the foot, the plantar flexors exhibited a slightly delayed hyperemic response relative to that of the dorsal compartment, but no between-group flow difference was observed. These results demonstrate that CASL is sensitive to flow heterogeneity between diverse muscle groups and that nonuniform hyperemic flow patterns following an ischemic paradigm correlate with relative fiber-type predominance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Hyperemic flow heterogeneity within the calf, foot, and forearm measured with continuous arterial spin labeling MRI

Wang

Detre

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

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“…To account for the temporal offset between the control and label image series, adjacent control data were averaged to yield a temporally matched control series. 33 Perfusion was computed from the ROI-averaged signal intensity in pairs of label and temporally matched control data according to the appropriate models (Eqs. 2 and 3) for each ASL method as described in the introduction with PLD = 1900 msec in pCASL, 940 msec in PASL, T 1,blood ≈ T 1,tissue = 1420 msec.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of skeletal muscle perfusion dynamics with pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL): Assessment of relative labeling efficiency at rest and during hyperemia, and comparison to pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL)

Englund

Rodgers

Langham

et al. 2016

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose To compare calf skeletal muscle perfusion measured with pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL) and pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) methods, and to assess the variability of pCASL labeling efficiency in the popliteal artery throughout an ischemia-reperfusion paradigm. Materials and Methods At 3T, relative pCASL labeling efficiency was experimentally assessed in five subjects by measuring the signal intensity of blood in the popliteal artery just distal to the labeling plane immediately following pCASL labeling or control preparation pulses, or without any preparation pulses throughout separate ischemia-reperfusion paradigms. The relative label and control efficiencies were determined during baseline, hyperemia, and recovery. In a separate cohort of 10 subjects, pCASL and PASL sequences were used to measure reactive hyperemia perfusion dynamics. Results Calculated pCASL labeling and control efficiencies did not differ significantly between baseline and hyperemia or between hyperemia and recovery periods. Relative to the average baseline, pCASL label efficiency was 2 ± 9% lower during hyperemia. Perfusion dynamics measured with pCASL and PASL did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Average leg muscle peak perfusion was 47 ± 20 mL/min/100g or 50 ± 12 mL/min/100g, and time to peak perfusion was 25 ± 3 seconds and 25 ± 7 seconds from pCASL and PASL data, respectively. Differences of further metrics parameterizing the perfusion time course were not significant between pCASL and PASL measurements (P > 0.05). Conclusion No change in pCASL labeling efficiency was detected despite the almost 10-fold increase in average blood flow velocity in the popliteal artery. pCASL and PASL provide precise and consistent measurement of skeletal muscle reactive hyperemia perfusion dynamics.

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“…The perfusion offset was corrected by subtracting the average perfusion during the period of cuff occlusion from each time point, as perfusion is assumed to be zero during the period of proximal arterial occlusion. 32 For each muscle, the peak perfusion and time to peak perfusion (TTP Perf ) were recorded from the dynamic time course data (Figure 1c). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiparametric Assessment of Vascular Function in Peripheral Artery Disease

Englund

Langham

Ratcliffe

et al. 2015

Circ: Cardiovascular Imaging

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Background Endothelial dysfunction present in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) may be better understood by measuring the temporal dynamics of blood flow and oxygen saturation during reactive hyperemia than by conventional static measurements. Methods and Results Perfusion, Intravascular Venous Oxygen saturation, and T2* (PIVOT), a recently developed MRI technique, was used to measure the response to an ischemia-reperfusion paradigm in ninety-six patients with PAD of varying severity, and ten healthy controls. Perfusion, venous oxygen saturation (SvO2), and T2* were each quantified in the calf at two second temporal resolution, yielding a dynamic time course for each variable. Compared to healthy controls, patients had a blunted and delayed hyperemic response. Moreover, patients with lower ankle-brachial index had: 1) a more delayed reactive hyperemia response time, manifesting as an increase in time to peak perfusion in the gastrocnemius, soleus, and peroneus muscles, and in the anterior compartment; 2) an increase in the time to peak T2* measured in the soleus muscle; and 3) a prolongation of the posterior tibial vein SvO2 washout time. Intra- and inter-session repeatability was also assessed. Results indicated that time to peak perfusion and time to peak T2* were the most reliable extracted time course metrics. Conclusions Perfusion, dynamic SvO2, and T2* response times following induced ischemia are highly correlated with PAD disease severity. Combined imaging of peripheral microvascular blood flow and dynamics of oxygen saturation with PIVOT may be a useful tool to investigate the pathophysiology of PAD.

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Transit delay and flow quantification in muscle with continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion‐MRI

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Hyperemic flow heterogeneity within the calf, foot, and forearm measured with continuous arterial spin labeling MRI

Hyperemic flow heterogeneity within the calf, foot, and forearm measured with continuous arterial spin labeling MRI

Measurement of skeletal muscle perfusion dynamics with pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL): Assessment of relative labeling efficiency at rest and during hyperemia, and comparison to pulsed arterial spin labeling (PASL)

Multiparametric Assessment of Vascular Function in Peripheral Artery Disease

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