Transit-oriented development: Literature review and evaluation of TOD potential across 50 Chinese cities

Abstract

Transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely accepted in recent years as an important urban development policy. This article reviews the existing TOD literature pertinent to conditions in China, introduces TOD practices in China, and evaluates land development impacts of TOD across 50 Chinese cities that either have metro systems already or expect to have operating metro systems by 2020. The evaluation analysis contributes to the existing literature because most research on TOD in Chinese cities has focused on large, national or provincial capitals such as Beijing, Shanghai, and/or Guangzhou. Based on simulation analysis, we evaluate TOD's land development impacts across all Chinese cities that are expected to have metro systems by 2020. Our results show that the second-as well as the thirdclass cities of China will have more potential for TOD implementation than the first-class cities in the next five years.

A systematic review of the dimensions of transit-oriented urban planning and design = Una revisión sistemática de categorías para la evaluación de la planificación y el diseño urbano orientado al transporte público

“…The other conference proceedings initially measured the potential of a city/region to be a transit-oriented community through reviewing TOD dimensions, success criteria, and the challenges (e.g., Hale & Charles, 2007;Bajracharya, Khan, & Longland, 2005;Black, Tara, & Pakzad, 2016). Several quantitative reviews are available in TOD studies (e.g., Xu, Guthrie, Fan, & Li, 2017). Based on its aim, the present study sought to attain the list of planning and design dimensions by a systematic review of a set of qualitative studies.…”

“…It is an article of faith that the idea was originally designed by Peter Calthorpe, an American architect in the U.S. His primary idea was formed based on the interaction between movement and urban form which was closely connected with development strategies such as Smart Growth and New Urbanism in notion (Xu, Guthrie, Fan, & Li, 2017;Dunphy & Porter, 2006). These strategies pinpoint providing a set of new urban settlements in order to recite the story of promotion against being dependent on the cars and its hostile impacts (Shibley, 1998;Goetz, 2013).…”

“…These strategies pinpoint providing a set of new urban settlements in order to recite the story of promotion against being dependent on the cars and its hostile impacts (Shibley, 1998;Goetz, 2013). In fact, after ample suburbanization and increased car-oriented movements during post World War II, more urban road construction and growing car travel demand led to congestion, energy shortage, negative societal outcomes, as well as the posed costs on people, cities, and the environment (Banister, 2005;Xu, Guthrie, Fan, & Li, 2017). Accordingly, high-quality public transit, as well as the high level of local accessibility was totally regarded in cities and placed on the agenda in order to decrease the need for car use.…”

Identification Method for Optimal Urban Bus Corridor Location

“…There is always a multi-scaled spatial phenomenon when defining a key node. The common research area has a 700-1500 m buffer around key nodes [32][33][34], for it is a reasonable distance is within an 8-10-min walk. Considering the average stop spacing, in our study, we performed analysis in a 1000 m buffer for each node.…”

Identifying Urban Structure Based on Transit-Oriented Development

“…Due to the high density and large construction land area, the study scale in some Asian cities is larger than that in European or American cities. In China, the areas within a 1000-m radius [51] and a 1500-m radius [52] have been studied based on average length of road links between intersections and average stop spacing, respectively. Furthermore, the extent to which study scale influences TOD and urban imbalance is still a research gap.…”