2024
DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06015b
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Transition metal-based electrocatalysts for alkaline overall water splitting: advancements, challenges, and perspectives

Muhammad Nazim Lakhan,
Abdul Hanan,
Altaf Hussain
et al.

Abstract: Water electrolysis has emerged as a promising method for efficiently producing hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2), crucial for renewable energy conversion and fuel cell technologies. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)...

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Cited by 24 publications
(3 citation statements)
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“…10 Muhammad Nazim et al discussed TM-based (oxides, phosphides, nitrides, and borides) electrocatalysts for the HER and OER in alkaline media, revealing that more accessible surface active sites, specific electronic effects and string effects are essential for the development of efficient electrocatalysts towards electrochemical water splitting application. 11 Hence, rational design of highly active, robust, stable, cost-effective and earth-abundant element-based catalysts is imperative in large-scale hydrogen generation through water electrolysis. 12…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…10 Muhammad Nazim et al discussed TM-based (oxides, phosphides, nitrides, and borides) electrocatalysts for the HER and OER in alkaline media, revealing that more accessible surface active sites, specific electronic effects and string effects are essential for the development of efficient electrocatalysts towards electrochemical water splitting application. 11 Hence, rational design of highly active, robust, stable, cost-effective and earth-abundant element-based catalysts is imperative in large-scale hydrogen generation through water electrolysis. 12…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…, hence has been deemed as an effective and sustainable approach for hydrogen production. 6–10 Moreover, the entire process of water splitting is significantly impeded by the low energy conversion efficiency of the HER and OER catalysts. For both the HER and OER, some energy barrier needs to be overcome to drive the reactions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4,5 Supreme EWS catalysts, such as Pt, RuO 2 , IrO 2 , Rh, or Pd, effortlessly catalyse the reaction in an acidic medium, but in an alkaline medium, due to the lack of protons, these catalysts perform only moderately and their higher cost, non-durability and challenging large-scale production also provide room for a strategic exploration of earth-abundant transition-metals for alkaline EWS. 6 The sluggish 4e − OER process involves ‘3d transition metals’, which undergo surface reconstruction and create OER-active O–OH sites in the anodic potential at pH 14, and the kinetics of this whole reaction are dependent on the other half cell reaction, the HER. But in an alkaline medium, the 2e − HER process is difficult to carry out as the catalyst has to undergo an additional water-dissociation step.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%