Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDC)-Based Nanozymes for Biosensing and Therapeutic Applications

Abstract

Nanozymes, a type of nanomaterial with enzyme-like properties, are a promising alternative to natural enzymes. In particular, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs, with the general formula MX2, where M represents a transition metal and X is a chalcogen element)-based nanozymes have demonstrated exceptional potential in the healthcare and diagnostic sectors. TMDCs have different enzymatic properties due to their unique nano-architecture, high surface area, and semiconducting properties with tunable band gaps. Furthermore, the compatibility of TMDCs with various chemical or physical modification strategies provide a simple and scalable way to engineer and control their enzymatic activity. Here, we discuss recent advances made with TMDC-based nanozymes for biosensing and therapeutic applications. We also discuss their synthesis strategies, various enzymatic properties, current challenges, and the outlook for future developments in this field.

Highly Porous 3D Gold Enhances Sensitivity of Amperometric Biosensors Based on Oxidases and CuCe Nanoparticles

“…As a result, a pAu-modified electrode significantly increases the number of adsorption sites for enzymes and other biomolecules, thus improving electron transport in comparison with corresponding electrodes with nonporous surfaces. Thus, due to its intriguing properties, pAu is a very promising material for application in (bio)sensing, energy storage, diagnostic medicine, and drug delivery [ 14 , 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Advances in Biologically Applicable Graphene-Based 2D Nanomaterials

“…It is important to mention that graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs) have their own antimicrobial and anticancer activity and are also used for tissue engineering [ 36 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Their 2D nanostructure gives these NMs special physicochemical properties and biological behaviors, such as cell entry through endocytosis, as well as specific biodistribution, biodegradation, and excretion, which lead to their use in various biomedical applications [ 17 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ] as well as for the treatment of plants [ 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ].…”

Highly Sensitive Amperometric Biosensors Based on Oxidases and CuCe Nanoparticles Coupled with Porous Gold

“…Metallic nanoparticles have wide potential practical applications in various fields of science and industry. In biosensorics, they usually act as mediators in electron transfer and/or catalysts (nanozymes, NZ) [1][2][3][4][5].…”

“…NZs are the newest class of functional nanomaterials [3][4][5][6][7] that have enzyme-like activities with different reaction specificities. NZs possess increased stability and greater availability due to their simpler preparation technologies.…”

“…The main peculiarities of PO-like NZs as catalysts are that they have high stability, sensitivity, and selectivity to H 2 O 2 in extra-wide linear ranges. PO-like NZs coupled with natural oxidases are widely used in amperometric oxidase-based biosensors (ABSs) [1][2][3][7][8][9][10].…”