Transition Metal Engineering of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanozyme for Biomimicking Anti-Biofouling in Seawater

Abstract

Nature has evolved diverse strategies to battle surface biofouling colonization and thus provides us novel insights into designing and developing advanced nontoxic antibiofouling materials and technologies. Mimicking the defense mechanisms of natural haloperoxidases in marine algae in response to biofilm colonization, here we show that the less active MoS 2 shows efficient haloperoxidasemimicking activity through judicious transition metal engineering. Cobalt-doped MoS 2 (Co−MoS 2 ) displays an excellent haloperoxidase-mimicking performance in catalyzing the Br − oxidation into germicidal HOBr, roughly 2 and 23 times higher than the nickeldoped MoS 2 and pristine MoS 2 , respectively. Accordingly, Co−MoS 2 shows an outstanding antimicrobial effect against drug-resistant bacteria and antibiofouling performance in real field tests in marine environments. The realization of robust haloperoxidase-mimicking activity of MoS 2 via metal engineering may open a new avenue to design highly active transition metal dichalcogenides for antibacterial and antibiofouling applications.

Photothermal‐Amplified Single Atom Nanozyme for Biofouling Control in Seawater

“…Bacterial attachment is the first prerequisite for biofilm formation. [12] Considering the above-mentioned excellent lightenhanced HPO-like activity of Mo SA-N/C, then the synergistically antibacterial capacity of Mo SA-N/C in the presence of 93.1%, 96.9%, 97.0%, 95.8%, 96.2%, and 96.6% for E. coli, S. aureus, B. subtilis, B. cereus, V. alginolyticus, V. vulnificus, and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Interestingly, similar tests in dark did not show a significant reduction in bacteria growth, suggesting the weakly antibacterial activity of Mo SA-N/C/H 2 O 2 / Br − in dark.…”

“…In fact, HPOs have been isolated and proposed as environment‐friendly antibiofouling materials to prevent the attachment of biofoulants, but unfortunately, the use of natural or recombinant enzymes remains a challenge owing to their expensive extraction, instability, and inferior reactivity in seawater. [ 11–14 ]…”

“…In fact, HPOs have been isolated and proposed as environment-friendly antibiofouling materials to prevent the attachment of biofoulants, but unfortunately, the use of natural or recombinant enzymes remains a challenge owing to their expensive extraction, instability, and inferior reactivity in seawater. [11][12][13][14] Artificial enzyme mimics featuring stable chemical structures have been proposed as potential alternatives for natural enzymes. [7,15] Nanozymes, enzyme-like catalytic nanomaterials that follow enzymatic kinetics under physiologically relevant conditions, have been explored to imitate protein enzymes in biomimetic chemistry in recent years because of their high efficiency, adjustable activity, easy scalability, and recyclability.…”

“…[16][17][18] Although HPO mimics show significant research prospects, their development is still very slow with limited successful cases at present. [12] Additionally, traditional nanozymes still face formidable challenges of inhomogenous elemental composition, low densities of active sites, and complicated catalytic mechanisms. [19][20][21][22] Given these limitations, single-metal-atom materials, featuring well-defined atom level metal dispersion and unique electronic/geometric structures, could serve as favorable alternatives owing to economic atom utilization and abundant active sites.…”

Efficient nanozyme engineering for antibacterial therapy

“…Au [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26], Pt [27], Cu [28], Ir [29], Ag [30], Au-Pt [31,32], Pd-Cu [33], Pd-Pt [34], Au-Ag [35], etc), transition metal oxide or sulfide (e.g. Fe 3 O 4 [36][37][38], CuO [39], CeO 2 [40], V 2 O 5 [41], Co-V mixed metal oxide (MMO) [42], MoS 2 [43][44][45][46][47], NiS 2 [48], CuS [49][50][51][52], Co 4 S 3 [53], MnO 2 [54] etc), and nanocarbon (e.g. boron doped graphdiyne (B-GDY) [8], N-doped sponge-like carbon spheres (N-SCSs) [55], graphene quantum dots [56,57], etc)-based nanozymes, to recentlyadvanced metal organic framework (MOF) (e.g.…”