Transition Metal Nanoparticle Catalysis in Ionic Liquids

Abstract

The main “molecular” physicochemical aspects involved in the catalytic applications of “soluble” transition metal nanoparticles in ionic liquids are used to explain their properties. In particular, a special view on the concepts of coordination catalysis is used to describe the properties of these nanoscale catalysts in solution as well as their scope and limitations in multiphase catalysis.

The impressive chemistry, applications and features of ionic liquids: properties, catalysis & catalysts and trends

“…All tested ILs (BMI.NTf 2 , BMI.PF 6 and BMI.BF 4 ) gave essentially quantitative yields using BF 3 .OEt 2 as the catalyst (5 mol%) and methyl oleate as the model substrate in the biphasic catalytic system. However, to avoid the anion degradation (PF 6 − and BF 4 − ), we decided to keep the study using only BMI.NTf 2 as the ionic media.…”

“…[42][43][44][45] In this sense, we have tested in situ generated palladium nanoparticles stabilized in BMI.PF 6 to promote the selective and partial hydrogenation of biodiesel 46 envisaging an increase in its oxidative stability.…”

“…However, to avoid the anion degradation (PF 6 − and BF 4 − ), we decided to keep the study using only BMI.NTf 2 as the ionic media. HCl, H 2 SO 4 , SnCl 2 and CdO gave by far the best results (ca.…”

“…6, 2012 The novel catalyst 34 was tested in the epoxidation reaction of methyl oleate to afford EMO and DIOL (as seen in Scheme 16). The use of BMI.PF 6 and BMI.BF 4 , as the reaction media, despite the good results (high yields), was not a good choice due to anion degradation (HF release) under the catalysis conditions, thus the best ionic media was BMI.NTf 2 . Air (oxygen) and hydrogen peroxide (30% v/v) were tested as the oxidizing agents with success.…”

“…Many literature surveys are available to different audiences spanning disciplines from asymmetric catalysis, homogeneous catalysis, organic synthesis, green chemistry, biotransformations, analytical chemistry, industrial applications, enzymatic reactions and others. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Despite all advances on the basic properties, comprehension and use of ILs, there are still many things left to be achieved. And, somewhat surprising, their physical and chemical properties still have many issues under debate.…”