“…To date the majority of studies on the Havre 2012 submarine eruption have focused on the limited volume (< 0.1 km 3 or 7% of the total eruptive material) seafloor eruptive products (e.g., Carey et al, 2014Carey et al, , 2018Manga et al, 2018a,b;Ikegami et al, 2018;Mitchell et al, 2018Mitchell et al, , 2019Murch et al, 2019). Studies on the volumetrically dominant pumice raft (∼1.4 km 3 or 93% of total eruptive material) has been at a reconnaissance level, examined limited material (e.g., Rotella et al, 2015;Manga et al, 2018b) and focused on raft dispersion (e.g., Jutzeler et al, 2014;Carey et al, 2014;Velasquez et al, 2018). One outcome of the seafloor-focused studies has been the interpretation that the giant seafloor pumice and pumice raft were erupted contemporaneously (Manga et al, 2018a,b) given near identical whole-pumice compositions, similar mineralogy (i.e., plagioclase, orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene and Fe-Ti oxides) and textural features (e.g., banded pumice, tubed pumice and bread crusting).…”