Transition of lithium growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes

Bai, Peng; Li, Ju; Brushett, Fikile R.; Bazant, Martin Z.

doi:10.1039/c6ee01674j

Cited by 1,251 publications

(1,178 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…10, to obtain high capacities, small particles or low C rates are required, otherwise the layer of Li 1 TiO 2 forming at the surface will block Li intercalation. To obtain a general prediction of the maximum obtainable capacity as a function of applied current, the concept of Sand's time [79] could be used. However, to incorporate the nonlinear Li flux through the anatase particles, which also depends on the particle size, modifications to the formulation of Sand's time are necessary.…”

Section: Impact Of Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining key properties of lithiation in TiO2 -anatase Li-ion battery electrodes using phase-field modeling

Klerk

Vasileiadis

Smith

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Materials

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The improvement of Li-ion battery performance requires development of models that capture the essential physics and chemistry in Li-ion battery electrode materials. Phase-field modeling has recently been shown to have this ability, providing new opportunities to gain understanding of these complex systems. In this paper, a novel electrochemical phase-field model is presented that captures the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of lithium insertion in TiO 2 -anatase, a well-known and intensively studied Li-ion battery electrode material. Using a linear combination of two regular solution models, the two phase transitions during lithiation are described as lithiation of two separate lattices with different physical properties. Previous elaborate experimental work on lithiated anatase TiO 2 provides all parameters necessary for the phase-field simulations, giving the opportunity to gain fundamental insight in the lithiation of anatase and validate this phase-field model. The phase-field model captures the essential experimentally observed phenomena, rationalizing the impact of C rate, particle size, surface area, and the memory effect on the performance of anatase as a Li-ion battery electrode. Thereby a comprehensive physical picture of the lithiation of anatase TiO 2 is provided. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the performance of anatase is limited by the formation of the poor Li-ion diffusion in the Li 1 TiO 2 phase at the surface of the particles. Unlike other electrode materials, the kinetic limitations of individual anatase particles limit the performance of full electrodes. Hence, rather than improving the ionic and electronic network in electrodes, improving the performance of anatase TiO 2 electrodes requires preventing the formation of a blocking Li 1 TiO 2 phase at the surface of particles. Additionally, the qualitative agreement of the phase-field model, containing only parameters from literature, with a broad spectrum of experiments demonstrates the capabilities of phase-field models for understanding Li-ion electrode materials, and its promise for guiding the design of electrodes through a thorough understanding of material properties and their interactions.

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Section: Impact Of Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining key properties of lithiation in TiO2 -anatase Li-ion battery electrodes using phase-field modeling

Klerk

Vasileiadis

Smith

et al. 2017

Phys. Rev. Materials

Self Cite

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“…Optical and electron microscopy have been used for two-dimensional (2D) characterization of electrodeposited Li microstructures and lithium metal surface morphology changes [12][13][14][15][16] , providing a wealth of qualitative information on their inherently three-dimensional (3D) structure. However, most of these studies were performed ex-situ, thus requiring cell disassembly and removal of the lithium microstructures from their as grown environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the evolving microstructure of lithium metal electrodes in 3D using X-ray computed tomography

Taiwo

Finegan

Paz‐Garcia

et al. 2017

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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The growth of electrodeposited lithium microstructures on metallic lithium electrodes has prevented their use in rechargeable lithium batteries due to early performance degradation and safety implications. Understanding the evolution of lithium microstructures during battery operation is crucial for the development of an effective and safe rechargeable lithium-metal battery. This study employs both synchrotron and laboratory X-ray computed tomography to investigate the morphological evolution of the surface of metallic lithium electrodes during a single cell discharge and over numerous cycles, respectively. The formation of surface pits and the growth of mossy lithium deposits through the separator layer are characterised in threedimensions. This has provided insight into the microstructural evolution of lithium--metal electrodes during rechargeable battery operation, and further understanding of the importance of separator architecture in mitigating lithium dendrite growth.

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“…These advantages make lithium metal one of the most attractive candidates for the anode materials of next-generation high-energy density lithium batteries such as Li-S batteries and lithium air batteries [28,[31][32][33][34]. However, although the concept of lithium second batteries has been proposed since the 1970s, the instability and safety issues of metallic lithium anodes have prohibited their widespread application, resulting in the greater success of graphite anodes which were introduced in the 1990s [35][36][37][38]. Despite this, with the rapid development of sulfur cathode, recent research has increased focuses on the lithium metal anodes, main factors hindering the practical application of Li-S batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multifunctionality of Carbon-based Frameworks in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

Tang

Hou

2018

Electrochem. Energ. Rev.

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Compared with conventional lithium ion batteries (LIBs), lithium sulfur (Li-S) batteries possess advantages such as higher theoretical energy densities and better cost efficiencies, making them promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, the commercialization of Li-S batteries is impeded by several drawbacks, including low cycling stabilities, limited sulfur utilizations, existing shuttle effects of polysulfide intermediates, serious safety concerns, as well as inferior cycling performances of lithium metal anodes. To address these issues, researchers have achieved rapid developments for sulfur cathodes and increased their attention to lithium metal anodes to facilitate the widespread application of Li-S batteries. And among the substrate materials for electrodes in Li-S batteries being developed, carbon-based materials have been especially promising because of their multifunctionality, demonstrating great potential for application in advanced energy storage and conversion systems. In this review, recent advancements of carbon-based frameworks applied to Li-S batteries will be summarized and diverse utilization methods of these carbon-based materials for both sulfur cathodes and lithium metal anodes will be provided. Future research directions and the prospects of Li-S batteries with high performance and practicability will also be discussed. Keywords

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Transition of lithium growth mechanisms in liquid electrolytes

Abstract: Root-growing, containable mossy lithium changes to tip-growing, short-causing dendritic lithium at “Sand's capacity”, which is set by electrolyte diffusion limitation.

Cited by 1,251 publications

References 57 publications

Explaining key properties of lithiation in TiO2 -anatase Li-ion battery electrodes using phase-field modeling

Explaining key properties of lithiation in TiO2 -anatase Li-ion battery electrodes using phase-field modeling

Investigating the evolving microstructure of lithium metal electrodes in 3D using X-ray computed tomography

Multifunctionality of Carbon-based Frameworks in Lithium Sulfur Batteries

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