In 2017, more than 15% of practicing physicians were older than 65 years. 1,2 Without a national mandatory retirement age, many physicians plan to practice until they are in their 70s or 80s. Cognitive decline often accompanies aging, and the prevalence of dementia increases rapidly after age 70 years. 3 Thus, it is not surprising that the issue of screening aging physicians for cognitive deficits has gained attention over the last decade. 2 Multiple organizations in medicine share the responsibility of ensuring the competence of practicing physicians. Medical schools and graduate medical education programs commit to developing clinically competent graduates and are overseen by accreditation bodies that review the structures and processes used to achieve and assess that competence. Specialty boards provide initial and ongoing certification programs for all specialists. State medical licensing boards are charged with determining whether a physician has the qualifications and competence to practice in each state. Hospitals are required to assess the qualifications of their medical staff at the time of credentialing and to monitor the performance of physicians appointed to the staff.The report by Cooney and Balcezak in this issue of JAMA provides an instructive example of a hospital-led effort to assess the competency of aging physicians and other clinicians. 4 Between 2016 and 2019, Yale New Haven Hospital implemented a cognitive screening strategy as part of recredentialing of clinicians aged 70 years or older. The strategy included an in-person custom-designed cognitive screening test followed by more extensive testing for clinicians who had some evidence of limitations or had severe limitations but continued to pursue credentialing. Of the 141 clinicians tested, 19 had significant deficits, including 12 who discontinued independent practice based on the screening assessment alone and 7 who underwent further testing. Three of those 7 subsequently stopped practicing. Seven additional clinicians had enough deficits on the initial screening that they were referred for further testing, and 3 of this group also left clinical practice. Altogether, the report suggests that in the absence of an ongoing screening program, approximately 13% of physicians and other clinicians older than 70 years should not be practicing independently.Although this report presents some of the first data on the outcomes of such a program, hospital-led, age-based screening programs are not uncommon. Multiple health systems, including Intermountain Healthcare, Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, Scripps Health Care, and Penn Medicine,