Transition towards 100% renewable power and heat supply for energy intensive economies and severe continental climate conditions: Case for Kazakhstan

Abstract

Bogdanov, D., Toktarova, A., Breyer, C. (2019). Transition towards 100% renewable power and heat supply for energy intensive economies and severe continental climate conditions: Case for Kazakhstan. Applied Energy, vol. 253.

The Value of Fast Transitioning to a Fully Sustainable Energy System: The Case of Turkmenistan

“…The results of this study are in line with the findings of recent energy transition studies in other countries around the world, specifically the dominance of solar PV in electricity generation [19], [55]- [57] and cost savings related to transitioning to sustainable forms of energy [58]. Breyer et al [55] investigate the role of solar PV in energy transition on a global level, employing high temporal and high spatial modelling and conclude that solar PV technology will emerge to be the "most relevant source of energy in the mid-term to long-term for the global energy supply" thanks to ever decreasing costs of PV systems and battery storage technologies.…”

Role of energy storage systems in energy transition from fossil fuels to renewables

“…Second group opposes fossil fuels due to oil peaking and fear of finite fossil fuels depletion over time in near future 74‐76 . Peak oil theory failed after discovery of shale gas technologies and rampant rise of heat waves, arctic melting and hurricanes 77‐81 . All schools of thoughts have general consensus on global energy transition to restore climate and switch over to alternative energy resources before thawing of all glaciers or depletion of fossil fuels 82‐84 .…”

“…[74][75][76] Peak oil theory failed after discovery of shale gas technologies and rampant rise of heat waves, arctic melting and hurricanes. [77][78][79][80][81] All schools of thoughts have general consensus on global energy transition to restore climate and switch over to alternative energy resources before thawing of all glaciers or depletion of fossil fuels. [82][83][84] Renewable and alternative energy resources also have environmental effects, but much lesser than fossil fuels.…”

Nothing to regret: Reconciling renewable energies with human wellbeing and nature in the German Energy Transition

“…As of yet, scenarios until 2030 for many countries primarily use the LUT model, developed at LUT University Finland. It aims to minimize the total system costs and employs regional data such as: power and heat demand, existing power and heat capacities, financial and technical parameters, as well as limits for installed capacity of all available technologies 10 . The calculations were made for large areas such as the Middle East and North Africa region (MENA region) 11 or Europe 12 .…”

“…Although these modeling approaches provide good overviews, they cannot replace necessary national analyses that are required to achieve the national obligations under the Paris agreement. The LUT model was used for several national case studies that calculate, for example, the potential future developments in the energy system of Kazakhstan, 10 Turkey 14 and South Africa 15 . Othernational studies have calculated the energy potential using rather coarse input data 16,17 and considering only nature within protected areas.…”