In the present study, we provide an overview of the research in the field of early childhood mathematics education and identify the latest advances, new perspectives and gaps in the literature between 2012 and 2022. On the basis of our review of the international research literature published during this time span, in this paper we focus on five major themes of contribution: young children’s number sense abilities and development, geometry education in early childhood, children’s competencies in other content domains, teaching and learning mathematics in early grades with technology-integrated activities and early childhood teachers’ knowledge, education and affective issues in mathematics. For each theme relevant research is discussed and directions for future research are provided.