Transitions to adulthood in urban Kenya

Clark, Stuart; Cotton, Cassandra

doi:10.4054/demres.2013.28.37

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Such disadvantage may be compounded for rural to urban migrant youth who often lack the social networks to take advantage of urban opportunities. 36–39 Some argue there is a greater pull for adolescents residing in such communities toward negative peer relationships. 40 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Capital and Vulnerable Urban Youth in Five Global Cities

Marshall

Astone

Blum

et al. 2014

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Background Social capital is essential for the successful development of young people. The current study examines direct measures of social capital in young people in five urban global contexts. Methods The Well Being of Adolescents in Vulnerable Environments (WAVE) is a global study of young people aged 15 to 19 years living in disadvantaged, urban settings. Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) was used to recruit approximately 500 participants from each site. The sample included 2339 young people (mean age 16.7 years; 47.5% female). We examined the associations between social capital in four domains -family, school, peers and neighborhood -and demographic characteristics using gender stratified Ordinary Least Squares regression. We also examined associations between self-reported health and the four social capital domains is minimal. School enrollment was positively associated with social capital for young women in Baltimore, Delhi, and Shanghai: the association was less consistent for young men. The same pattern is true for perceived wealth. Unstable housing was associated with low familial social capital in all groups except young women in Shanghai and young men in Ibadan and Johannesburg. Being raised outside a two-parent family has a widespread, negative association with social capital. Self-reported health had a mainly positive association with social capital with the most consistent association being neighborhood social capital, Conclusions Different types of social capital interact with social contexts and gender differently. Strategies that aim to build social capital as part of risk reduction and positive youth development programming need to recognize that social capital enhancement may work differently for different groups and in different settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Capital and Vulnerable Urban Youth in Five Global Cities

Marshall

Astone

Blum

et al. 2014

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…Adolescent migrants, even if they move with their parents, have their social networks in the place or origin disrupted and may find themselves isolated from the protective influences of social ties 48. Most scholars agree that migrants are positively selected for good health and some aspects of the migration process can be protective 49.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban adolescent sexual and reproductive health in low-income and middle-income countries

Mmari

Astone

2014

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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One of the most important aspects of adolescent health is sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Currently, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) threaten the health of adolescents more than any other age group, and as many as 2.2 million adolescents are living with HIV. Understanding adolescents' SRH needs and how to invest in improving their health can be best addressed by knowing more about the contexts that increase their vulnerability to poor sexual health outcomes. Recent evidence has highlighted an increasingly marginalised segment of the adolescent population--and that is the urban poor adolescent population in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Using an urban health framework, this paper examines the contextual factors within an urban community that influence the SRH of adolescents in LMIC. Findings show that while there is substantial research that has explored factors within the social environment, there is limited research that has explored factors within the physical environment, as well as research that has specifically explored urban adolescents' use of SRH services and how such services can be best provided to this vulnerable population. This paper highlights the need for further research to understand the relationships between the urban poor environment and the SRH risks that adolescents face while living in such environments.

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“…Data on localized mobility in the region are rare and definitions of mobility vary across data sources, but the levels of mobility observed in our study are consistent with those seen among highly mobile subpopulations in other research in the region. Internal migration is common in eastern Africa, especially among young women 45 . Over 10% of Kenyan men and women between the ages of 15 and 24 move across district boundaries each year (National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2005) 46 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Mobility and HIV Prevalence Among Female Market Traders in East Africa in 2014

Camlin

Ayadi

Kwena³

et al. 2017

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Background The contribution of women’s mobility to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Africa is poorly understood, despite women’s high mobility and evidence that it is associated with higher-risk sexual behavior. We sought to measure levels of mobility, HIV prevalence, and related risk behaviors among female traders in Kisumu, Kenya. Methods We used GPS mapping to develop a probability-based sample and recruited 305 female market traders for participation in a survey and voluntary HIV counseling and testing in 2014. We estimated HIV prevalence and fitted logistic regression models to measure associations between mobility, risk behaviors, and HIV infection. Results HIV prevalence was 25.6% (95% CI 21.0–30.8); 11.5% had migrated (changed residence, over county or national boundary) in past year and 39.3% in past five years. Over one-third (38.3%) spent nights away from main residence in past month, with 11.4% spending more than a week away. Multiple partners were reported by 13.1% of women in the last year; 16% of married women reported a concurrent partnership. Mobility was not significantly associated with HIV prevalence, although recent short-term mobility was significantly correlated with higher numbers of sexual partners in the past year. Conclusions Female market traders were highly mobile, and HIV prevalence among traders was higher than in the general population of women of reproductive age in Kisumu (15.3% in 2013), and Nyanza Province, Kenya (16.1% in 2012). High HIV prevalence and risk behavior among women in this study warrant accelerated attention to HIV prevention and care needs of mobile women, including market traders.

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Transitions to adulthood in urban Kenya

Cited by 21 publications

References 49 publications

Social Capital and Vulnerable Urban Youth in Five Global Cities

Social Capital and Vulnerable Urban Youth in Five Global Cities

Urban adolescent sexual and reproductive health in low-income and middle-income countries

High Mobility and HIV Prevalence Among Female Market Traders in East Africa in 2014

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