Translation, adaptation, and reliability of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation in the Spanish population

Abstract

Background: Psychosocial risk factors influence the course of transplantation. Psychosocial evaluation is an important part of pre-transplantation evaluation processes, yet there are no standardized instruments in Spanish. Objective: To translate, adapt, and test the reliability of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT) in organ and cell transplantation patients in the Spanish context. Method: A Spanish version was developed and adapted using WHO's guidelines. The first 30 candidates' SIPAT interviews were recorded and scored by four independent examiners to test the inter-rater reliability. The internal consistency of the SIPAT items was calculated with a sample of 150 heart, liver, and allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant candidates. Evaluations were conducted by SIPAT-trained and transplantation-experienced clinical psychologists and psychiatrists. Results: Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation achieved excellent intra-class correlation reliability coefficients between investigators (ICC = 0.93 for the general score and from 0.77 to 0.94 for domain scores). Good internal consistency was found with Cronbach's alpha of 0.84 (from 0.69-0.71 for domains).

Characterization of the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplant for Heart, Liver, and Kidney Transplant Candidates in Japan

“…The total SIPAT score in the present study was 20.03. The total SIPAT score in a previous Thai study of heart, liver, and kidney transplant recipient candidates was 19.65 [27], and the total score in a previous Spanish study of heart, liver, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient candidates was 26.0 [21]. The total SIPAT score in a previous American study of heart, lung, liver, and kidney recipient candidates was 12.9 [16].…”

“…Previous studies on SIPAT presented data from several countries including the United States, Spain, Italy, and Thailand. However, many previous studies described only the total SIPAT scores or score distributions [16,17,21,26] and few studies provided comparisons of SIPAT scores among different organs. The total SIPAT score in the present study was 20.03.…”

“…Additionally, more than 90% of kidney and 80% of liver transplants are living donor transplants, and the percentage of living donor transplants among all organ transplants is much higher in Japan than in other countries [29]. Although the SIPAT has been translated into multiple languages and used in many countries [21,26,27], different circumstances surrounding transplantation medicine may lead to different psychosocial results among the recipient candidates in different countries. Therefore, the unique environment in Japan makes it di cult for SIPAT to be properly utilized because there are currently no criteria for SIPAT scores to be applied to organ transplant recipient candidates.…”

“…Maldonado et al [14] developed the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT), a comprehensive psychosocial assessment tool applicable to all transplanted organs, and subsequent studies have demonstrated its utility in predicting outcomes for solid organ transplantation [15][16][17][18][19][20], hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [21,22], and ventricular assist device implantation [23][24][25]. The SIPAT has been translated into Spanish, Italian, and Thai; all have demonstrated excellent inter-rater reliability and internal consistency [21,26,27]. We, therefore, translated the SIPAT into Japanese, validated its inter-rater reliability and internal consistency, and created a Japanese version of the SIPAT (J-SIPAT) [6].…”

Epistemic Authority and Trust in Shared Decision Making About Organ Transplantation

“…26 The best available tool for systematic assessment of psychosocial factors, the Stanford Integrated Psychosocial Assessment for Transplantation (SIPAT), 2 can predict social support system failure and episodes of acute organ rejection. 27 However, the SIPAT was tested and validated in a predominantly white and well-educated patient population; although recently translated into Spanish, 28 its performance in diverse patient populations is unknown. Importantly, the SIPAT has not reliably predicted posttransplant survival in any patient population.…”