Adverse childhood experiences refer to various potentially traumatic situations that impact children before the age of 18. It is a relatively new concept with important, and largely unknown, implications for Social Work. This article aims to assess the impact of these experiences on physical and mental health and explore the role of social workers in this field. A literature review was conducted using Pubmed, PsychInfo, and Google Scholar databases, with relevant keywords, and publications were reviewed without chronological restriction. The study duration was 4 months (May-August 2023). The results indicated that adverse childhood experiences are common in the general population and can have both short-term and long-term negative effects on an individual's physical and mental health. Notably, they are associated with an increased likelihood of adopting health-damaging behaviors (e.g., smoking, substance use), various chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular and respiratory diseases), and increased premature mortality. The implications for mental health are also significant, with strong associations identified between these experiences and adverse mental health outcomes in adulthood, such as depression and suicide. Their negative effects may start in childhood. Social workers can play a crucial role in preventing these adverse experiences, detecting them early, and effectively managing their consequences by collaborating with professionals from related scientific fields. This collaborative approach aims to interrupt the "vicious cycle" of these experiences and their transgenerational transmission, ultimately ensuring a higher level of health and well-being for individuals and societies.