Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, validity, reliability and stability of the Dutch Injury - Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS-NL) scale

Abstract

The Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale measures the psychological readiness of injured athletes to resume sports participation. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the I-PRRS scale into Dutch (I-PRRS-NL) and assess its validity, reliability, and stability in patients after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The original I-PRRS was translated and culturally adapted from English into Dutch, and tested for clinimetric quality. To assess concurrent validity, 150 patients completed the I-PRRS-NL scale and five questionnaires measuring related constructs 3-16 months after ACLR. All predefined hypotheses regarding correlations between the I-PRRS-NL scale and these questionnaires were confirmed, indicating good concurrent validity. For test-retest reliability, 107 patients completed the I-PRRS-NL scale again two weeks later. The I-PRRS-NL scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.94) and test-retest reliability (ICC 0.89). Standard error of measurement was 4.2 and smallest detectable change was 11.6. No systematic bias between test and retest was found. As the scale appears unstable at item level, only the total score should be used. Overall, the I-PRRS-NL scale showed sufficient validity and reliability to assess the psychological readiness to resume sports among Dutch-speaking patients after ACLR.

Responsiveness of the anterior cruciate ligament – Return to Sports after Injury (ACL-RSI) and Injury – Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scales

“…A score of 60 indicates high confidence in return to sports, 40 moderate confidence and 20 low confidence. I-PRRS has shown to be valid and reliable (Slagers et al, 2019). This research showed that SDC is 11.6 for individuals and 1.1 for groups, and the SEM is 4.2.…”

“…Eligible patients received the Dutch versions of the ACL-RSI scale, I-PRRS scale (Slagers et al, 2017;Slagers et al, 2019), and an accompanying information letter by mail. To measure the current level of sports activities, patients were asked to complete the Tegner Activity Score as well (Tegner & Lysholm, 1985).…”

“…SRM values of <0.5 are considered to indicate low responsiveness, a SRM 0.5-0.8 moderate and >0.8 large responsiveness (de Vet et al, , 2006. The SDC and SEM were retrieved from the reliability and validity studies (Slagers et al, 2017;Slagers et al, 2019).…”

“…Glazer developed the Injury Psychological Readiness to Return to Sport (I-PRRS) scale to assess the psychological readiness of injured athletes to return to sports participation, irrespectively of the type of injury (Glazer, 2009). Valid and reliable English, Persian and Dutch versions of the I-PRRS scale are available (Naghdi et al, 2016;Slagers, Reininga, Geertzen, Zwerver, & van den Akker-Scheek, 2019).…”

“…Distribution-based methods are based on the statistical characteristics of the sample. Using the distributionbased method the standard error of measurement (SEM) and smallest detectable change (SDC) has determined for the Dutch and Swedish translations of the ACL-RSI and the Dutch translation of the I-PRRS (Kvist et al, 2013;Slagers et al, 2017;Slagers et al, 2019). A major disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide a good indication of the importance of the observed change as perceived by the patient (de Vet et al, 2006).…”