Translation, Cultural Adaptation and Validation of The Caregiver Well-Being Scale (CWBS) in Iranian Schizophrenia Caregivers: A Methodological and Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Family caregivers of individual with schizophrenia experience various stresses in everyday life which have a negative impact on their well-being. The Caregiver Well-Being Scale(CWBS) is an instrument with psychometrics properties that identifies many important factors associated with caregiving stressors, and provides a picture of overall felt well-being. Since, there is no Persian version of this instrument for investigating schizophrenia caregiver’s well-being, cross cultural adaptation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the CWBS among Iranian Schizophrenia caregivers is required.Methods: A methodological and cross-sectional study was conducted with 144 Schizophrenia caregivers in psychiatric centers affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences(SUMS), in the south of Iran. Persian version of the CWBS was generated in two phases: Phase 1 – Cross-cultural adaptation using forward translation and backward translation methods in five stages. Phase 2 – Psychometric properties test involved assessing content validity, construct validity by exploratory factor analysis and convergent and divergent validity, reliability by internal consistency and test –retest.Results: The translation, cross-cultural adaptation and qualitative content validity resulted in some semantic modifications to the original CWBS version. Both subscales of CWBS -(Basic Need(BN) and Activities of Daily living (ADL)- showed a significant strong positive correlation with total CWBS, (BN: r = 0.81 and ADL: r= 0.88), moderate positive correlation with SOC (BN: r = 0.42 and ADL: r = 0.46), and moderate negative correlation with CBI (BN: r = -0.38 and ADL: r= -0.47) (all p<0.001), presenting convergent and divergent validity. Factor analysis and Varimax Rotation provide evidence that the Persian version encompasses three underlying constructs for ADL and BN, as the original scale. The CWBS showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha: 0. 0.842) and satisfactory test-retest reliability within 2.5 weeks interval (intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.872 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.827 to 0.906)) for 14 items.Conclusions: The results showed the Persian adapted version of CWBS complies the validity and reliability of the criteria required. The scale can be employed in practice and research to assess well-being in Iranian caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. Registration number: (registration no.97-01-08-18819).

Impact of Watson’s human caring-based health promotion program on caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia

“…Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.73, 0.74, and 0.83 were found for the basic needs and activities of daily living and the total scale, respectively [17]. The CWBS-14 was translated and cross-cultural adapted into Persian by Bagheri et al [42]. The reliability and validity of the scale were approved among 144 caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia.…”

A Medication Assessment Tool to Evaluate Prescribers’ Adherence to Practice Guidelines in Bipolar Disorder: Development and Psychometric Properties

“…To assess K and eliminate the chance of the existence of irrelevant factors affecting each item, ten experts were asked to assess the item relevancy of the scale with 54 items. Modified Kappa was measured for all items, and the excellent value of kappa was considered > 0.75 (24). The results and comments produced adopting each of the qualitative and quantitative approaches to content validity were analyzed and summarized by the research team in order to guide the revision of the instrument.…”