Translation of Six Tuple Grade-1 Braille Alphabet to English Alphabet

Abstract

Braille is the language used by visually impaired persons. Braille language comprises of collection of Braille cells which are embossed on a metal plate. Maintaining these bulky metal plates and distributing them to other parts of the world is a challenging task. This paper proposes a new technique of translating the Braille Cells embossed on plate to a natural language English character which can be easily distributed over network to make it globally accessible. Initially Braille documents are scanned, and preprocessing techniques like adaptive histogram and Laplacian filters are applied to augment the dots by eliminating the noise. The existence of dot pattern in every cell is detected with a Threshold and transformed to sequence of Binary matrix. A cell information is translated to 3x2 matrix with binary values of 0’s and 1’s representing absence and presence of dots in a cell. Convolutional Neural Network is used for feature extraction and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) classifier is utilized for recognize the character.

Understanding Samaana Vaata in relation to the physiology of digestion

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Just as Soma, Surya and Anila support the body of world by functions like Visarga, Aadana and Vikshepa respectively, Kapha, Pitta and Anila support this human body. [2] Vaata in its normalcy sustains all organs, assists mental activities, coordinates the sense organs, brings compactness in tissues, brings togetherness in body, and promotes speech, root cause of auditory and tactile sense faculties. Causes happiness and courage.Stimulates digestive fire and absorbs Dosha, throws out Dosha and Mala.

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