Translation of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire Into Hausa Language

Abstract

Background:Self-report measures of fear-avoidance beliefs are widely used in clinical practice and research. To date there is no Hausa version of the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). This is important as the Hausa language is a widely spoken language in West Africa.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Hausa version of the FABQ in patients with non-specific neck pain.Methods:Two independent bilingual Hausa translators translated the English version of the FABQ into Hausa which was thereafter back translated by one independent bilingual translator. A professional expert panel revised the translations to produce a consensus version. The psychometric testing of the final translated instrument was investigated by surveying 54 Hausa speaking patients with chronic non-specific neck pain. Cross-sectional construct validity was evaluated by comparing Hausa Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-H) with the English version of the FABQ. Internal consistency of the FABQ-H was examined by Cronbach alpha by comparing the scores between the FABQ-H and its subscales. Test-retest reliability was evaluated by administering the Hausa version twice.Results:The translated Hausa version of FABQ proved to be acceptable. The FABQ-H showed strong correlations (r=0.94, p=0.000) with the original English version. There was also high internal consistency between the FABQ-H and its subscales (physical activity component-α=0.88, p=0.000 and work component- α=0.94, p= 0.000). The FABQ-H also showed a high test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient =0.98).Conclusion:The FABQ-H demonstrated excellent psychometric properties similar to other existing versions. The FABQ-H is recommended for clinical practice.

The validity and reliability of Turkish adaptation of the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire in patients with neck pain

“…Whereas a significant relationship was detected between FABQ and NDI in the Iranian version, a weak correlation was found between the subsections of FABQ-PA and FABQ-W and VAS [ 19 ]. Similarly, in the Arabic and Hausa versions, a weak relationship was discovered between VAS and FABQ, which supports our study [ 20 , 24 ]. A significant relationship was observed between the Iranian FABQ and NDI [ 19 ].…”

“…At the end of our study, the correlation coefficient of the test–retest total score and subsection scores was found high. When the literature was reviewed, the test–retest scores of the Brazilian and Hausa versions were found to be higher compared to our study, however, the results of the Iranian, Arabic, French, and Italian versions were similar to our results [ 15 , 16 , 19 , 20 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Pain-Related Fear, Pain Intensity and Function in Individuals With Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…Greater levels of fear of pain were significantly associated with greater levels of disability in chronic low back pain (r = .62; P < .001). 75 Fear of pain was not related to disability in mixed samples of chronic MSK. 38,105 Pain-Related Anxiety and Pain Intensity:…”

<p>The Role of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs on Low Back Pain-Related Disability in a Developing Socioeconomic and Conservative Culture: A Cross-Sectional Study of a Pakistani Population</p>

“…41 FABQ has been translated and validated into more than a dozen languages with good outcomes of internal consistency, convergent validity, and test-retest reliability. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]…”

“…21,22 The conflicting evidence suggests that socio-cultural environment influences psychosocial factors; hence, findings confirming the fear-avoidance model in a western liberal society cannot be generalized to other cultures. However, while a number of studies have translated the well-established standard self-report questionnaires 23 for pain, disability, psychological risk factors (fear, catastrophizing), psychological distress (anxiety and depression), and self-efficacy into South American, 24 African, 25,26 European, [27][28][29] and Asian languages [30][31][32] idiomatically for cross-cultural adaptation and data comparisons, none of these studies quantified the pathways of the fear-avoidance model within the associated populations.…”