Translational approach utilizing COX-2, p53, and MDM2 expressions in malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis

Abstract

About 20% of the world's population uses some form of betel nut, which suggests that the incidence of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is higher than current estimates. OSF has the potential to undergo malignant transformation; thus, there is a need to identify relevant markers to assess its aggressiveness. We evaluated changes in COX-2, p53, and MDM2 expressions in progressive OSF. Expressions of COX-2, p53, and MDM2 increased with OSF progression. There was a strong association between COX-2 overexpression and recurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.001) and a positive relation between increased MDM2 expression and failure of radiotherapy (P = 0.007). These findings suggest that COX-2 is an important marker of disease progression and that MDM2 expression is useful for treatment planning. (J Oral Sci 57, [169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176] 2015)

A Comprehensive Analysis of the Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Chemoprevention of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

“…While oxidative stress is indeed associated with OSMF, tissue inflammation is crucial for the induction of tissue fibrosis. The involvement of prostanoids and other inflammatory mediators [90,91] as well as immune cells (recently reviewed in [92]) is central to OSMF pathogenesis but was not in the scope of our review.…”

Mediators of Inflammation – A Potential Source of Biomarkers in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…The role of COX-2 in carcinogenesis is also suggested by studies which have revealed a lower risk of developing a malignant tumour in those patients receiving COX-2 inhibitors [ 102 ]. Patel et al pointed out that COX-2 overexpression could be correlated with the risk of recurrence of OSCC [ 103 ].…”

Immuno-histochemical evaluation of CD34 for OLP and OSMF

“…The chronic, sneaky oral potentially malignant condition (OPMD) known as oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) results in fibrosis of tissue, the deposition of collagen and the creation of scar tissue [ 7 - 9 ]. OSMF is widely recognized as an Asian illness, with a particular emphasis on the Indian subcontinent because of the region's high areca nut combined tobacco usage [ 12 , 16 , 17 ]. Progressive OSMF deteriorates oral health and makes it harder to speak and chew.…”

“…Progressive OSMF deteriorates oral health and makes it harder to speak and chew. Furthermore, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), with transformation into cancer rates that vary from 1.5 to 15%, is a possibility for those with OSMF [ 12 - 16 ]. The malignant transformation processes for OSMF are distinct from those of other OPMDs [ 15 ].…”

“…This discrepancy may be connected to particular areca nut carcinogenic qualities. Specifically, areca alkaloids cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on the oral epithelium [ 16 ]. Another possibility is that collagen accumulation in the submucosa might lead to tissue hypoxia, which is a cancer-inducing factor [ 17 ].…”