The effect of Escherichia coli integration host factor (IHF) on phage A gene expression has been examined in a simplified DNA-directed in vitro system that measures the formation of the first dipeptide of the gene product. Plasmid pKC3OcII, which contains the phage A genes N, ciH and 0, under control of the PL promoter, was used as template to study the expression of the first dipeptide of the gene products-i.e., fMet-Asp for N protein, fMet-Val for cII, and fMet-Thr for 0. Purified IHF stimulates the DNA-directed synthesis of fMet-Val (cdi) and fMet-Thr (0) 2-3-fold but has no effect on the synthesis of fMet-Asp (N). In this in vitro system, the stimulation by IHF of cII and 0 gene expression is at the level of transcription. Phage A repressor completely inhibits dipeptide synthesis in the presence or absence of IHF. The results are consistent with a role of IHF as a transcription antiterminator, perhaps functioning at or near the tRl site preceding the cII gene.