Translational Genomics in Agriculture: Some Examples in Grain Legumes

Yadav

2017

Molecular markers are routinely utilized worldwide in all major crops as a component of breeding. The pace of development of molecular markers, establishment of marker-trait associations for important agronomic traits and other genomic sources has been accelerated in other pulses than the mungbean. The efforts are underway to use high-throughput genotyping platforms besides developing more genomic resources. So far, progress in the use of marker-assisted selection as a part of mungbean breeding programmes has been very limited. In this article, we have reviewed the progress made, limitations encountered and future possibilities for the application of marker-assisted selection in the genetic improvement of mungbean crops.

Section: Advancements In Next-generation Sequencing (Ngs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Advancements In Next-generation Sequencing (Ngs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Genomic tools for Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] improvement

Yadav

2017

Journal of Experimental Botany

“…Efforts are underway to sequence the remaining legume genomes. The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in availability of genomic resources and their deployment in trait discovery and breeding (see Bohra et al, 2014;Varshney et al, 2015;Pandey et al, 2016). As a result, several of these legume crops have genomic resources and associated phenotypic data to support genomics-based discovery and breeding approaches to develop superior legume varieties.…”

Section: Sequencing and Genotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating genetic gains in legumes for the development of prosperous smallholder agriculture: integrating genomics, phenotyping, systems modelling and agronomy

Varshney

Thudi

Pandey

et al. 2018

Self Cite

105

Grain legumes form an important component of the human diet, provide feed for livestock, and replenish soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation. Globally, the demand for food legumes is increasing as they complement cereals in protein requirements and possess a high percentage of digestible protein. Climate change has enhanced the frequency and intensity of drought stress, posing serious production constraints, especially in rainfed regions where most legumes are produced. Genetic improvement of legumes, like other crops, is mostly based on pedigree and performance-based selection over the past half century. To achieve faster genetic gains in legumes in rainfed conditions, this review proposes the integration of modern genomics approaches, high throughput phenomics, and simulation modelling in support of crop improvement that leads to improved varieties that perform with appropriate agronomy. Selection intensity, generation interval, and improved operational efficiencies in breeding are expected to further enhance the genetic gain in experimental plots. Improved seed access to farmers, combined with appropriate agronomic packages in farmers' fields, will deliver higher genetic gains. Enhanced genetic gains, including not only productivity but also nutritional and market traits, will increase the profitability of farming and the availability of affordable nutritious food especially in developing countries.

“…Improving crops using genomic tools is still in its infancy, especially in legumes (Varshney et al, 2015). There is little evidence on the types of cases in which they work, and their application on very large scales is still limited (Varshney et al, 2015). Utilization of the faba bean genome by its breeders or for any other application, especially in developing countries, takes a long time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we aimed to re-evaluate TiCl4 and UV spectrophotometric assays of immature and mature seeds. Improving crops using genomic tools is still in its infancy, especially in legumes (Varshney et al, 2015). There is little evidence on the types of cases in which they work, and their application on very large scales is still limited (Varshney et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluating TiCl4 and UV assays for detection of vicine and convicine in high-throughput screening of immature and mature seeds of faba bean

Ferhatoglu¹,

Vandenberg²

2015

Afr. J. Plant Sci.

Genomic resources have just started to focus on the faba bean; the genes for synthesis of vicine and convicine (V-C) have not been determined, and recently developed genetic markers for these antinutritionals have not been used to examine these traits in very large scale in faba bean. Simple, rapid and cost-effective technologies are crucial in crop breeding programs, especially in the developing world, and in some cases, traditional methodologies are used in combination with genetic markers to assess agronomic traits and the value of gene markers. Here, two methodologies (TiCl4 assay and 274 nm absorption) are re-evaluated for their application in detection of V-C in faba beans. In comparison with TiCl4 assay, the method of 274 nm UV absorption without an HPLC analysis offers more reliable analysis for detection of V-C in immature and mature seeds of faba bean. Its application in high throughput screening by 60 min agitation of immature seeds or mature seed flour in 2% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) allows quick screening of low V-C faba beans. The level of V-C was maximum when seed moisture was 80% and V-C level was measured as 0.92% in CDC Fatima flour. Though V-C from 2% TCA extract of mature and immature seeds of CDC Fatima was detected by 274 wavelength in the TiCl4 assay reaction, a Ti-aglycone complex was not clearly detectible at 480 nm as previously suggested.Key words: Vicine, convicine, TiCl4 assay, UV assay, high throughput, seed, faba bean. INTRODUCTIONFaba bean (Vicia faba L.) is the third most important feed grain legume after soybean and pea. The largest producer is China, followed by Australia, France, the Americas, Egypt, Sudan, Morocco and Ethiopia (FAO, 2013). In North America, faba bean has been grown on a limited basis on the Canadian prairies since the 1970s (Gade, 1994). Production has expanded since 1997 and the annual growth rate was 5.82% between 2003 in Canada (FAO, 2013.Faba bean is rich in protein (Burstin et al., 2011) and essential amino acids (Alghamdi, 2009;Mortuza et al., 2009; Sosulski and Hold, 1980). It has potential as a meat substitute in many parts of the world where there is demand for non-animal protein sources. Faba bean produces the highest percentage of protein (24-38%) per seed (Burridge, 1999;Burstin et al., 2011) and per unit *Corresponding author. E-mail: ygungor27@gmail.com. Tel: 306-2414668.Author(s) agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License land area as compared to all other temperate and tropical pulse crops, including lentil (Lens culinaris), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and pea (Pisum sativum) (Broad beans world yield, FAOSTAT 2013). Mature faba beans provide high-quality carbohydrates (58%), fiber (25%) (USDA Nutritional Database, http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search), antioxidants, and nutrients, with a comparatively low glycemic index (GI) (40 and 48 GI per 150 g serving for baked bean and dark durum wheat pasta, respe...