“…Groups have utilized subtractive and additive tissue engineering processes to form microfluidic collagen scaffolds (Bettinger, Borenstein, & Tao, ; Bhatia & Ingber, ; Peela et al, ; Tien, ). Scaffolds with complex microfluidic networks have also been formed using additive methods of combining layers of natural materials formed with lithographic techniques and have been used to investigate various behaviors such as cell‐cell interactions during angiogenesis or metastasis, extravasation of breast cancer cells and interactions with the endothelium (Bhatia & Ingber, ; Bischel, Young, Mader, & Beebe, ; Farahat et al, ; Ghousifam et al, ; Jeon et al, ; Lee et al, ; Mi et al, ; Nagaraju et al, ; Peela et al, ; Price et al, ; Soleimani et al, ; Song et al, ; Y. Ma et al, ; Zheng et al, ). While these microfluidic devices have provided insight into tumor behavior, the in vitro platforms consist of small number of cells limiting the use of biological assays such as polymerase chain reaction or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, or they lack a continuous endothelium failing to recapitulate the in vivo tumor microenvironment.…”