Translational opportunities and challenges of invasive electrodes for neural interfaces

Shen, Konlin; Chen, Oliver; Edmunds, Jordan L.; Piech, David K.; Maharbiz, Michel M.

doi:10.1038/s41551-023-01021-5

Cited by 46 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Electrochemical impedance provides a direct estimate of the recording capabilities of an electrode. ,, Designing bioelectrical interfaces with low impedances is important for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio during electrophysiology recordings. ,− The electrochemical impedance of NT-3DFG microelectrodes was observed to be at least an order of magnitude lower than that of conventional Pt and Au microelectrodes of similar sizes, with more drastic differences apparent in low-to-mid frequency ranges (1–5000 Hz; Figures a, S6, and S7). We attribute this to the much greater exposed surface area of the NT-3DFG microelectrodes compared to the conventional 2D microelectrodes. ,, Templating PEDOT:PSS onto NT-3DFG further lowered the electrochemical impedance of the electrodes due to the mixed electronic and ionic conductivities, and volumetric charge storage capacity of PEDOT:PSS (Figures a and S7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Input/output (I/O) bioelectronics enable real-time sensing and stimulation of cellular and tissue electrophysiology . They have been critical in the development of clinical interventions such as brain–computer interfaces for neurological disease diagnosis and deep brain stimulation. − Sensing and stimulation of electrophysiological activity through I/O bioelectronics relies on the spatiotemporal distribution of charges at the electrode–cell/tissue interface . Input bioelectronics induce local changes in electrochemical potentials by injecting charge at the interface (Figure a), while output bioelectronics detect local changes in electrochemical potential induced by the generation and propagation of single and compound action potentials (Figure a). − Therefore, the performance of I/O bioelectronics is dependent on the functional properties of the constituent electrode materials (low electrochemical impedance for electrophysiological recordings , and efficient charge injection for stimulation) as well as the interface between the materials and biological systems. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Graphene and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–Polystyrene Sulfonate Hybrid Nanostructures for Input/Output Bioelectronics

Garg,

Balakrishnan,

Rashid

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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The ability to sense and stimulate cellular and tissue electrophysiology is fundamental to input/output bioelectronics. Their functionality is primarily governed by the structural and functional properties of the constituent electrode materials. Conventional electrode materials are hindered by their twodimensional topology, high electrochemical impedances, low charge injection capacities, and limited stability over chronic timescales. Here, we propose a strategy for obtaining high-surfacearea hybrid-nanomaterial for efficient I/O bioelectronics by conformally templating conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)−polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) onto nanowiretemplated three-dimensional (3D) fuzzy graphene (NT-3DFG). The result is a high-performance electrode material that can leverage the exceptional surface area of NT-3DFG and the volumetric charge storage properties of PEDOT:PSS. Owing to its high surface area, NT-3DFG microelectrodes exhibit lower electrode impedance and up to 35-fold greater charge injection capacity (CIC) compared to conventional metal microelectrodes. Conformally templating PEDOT:PSS onto NT-3DFG further reduces electrode impedance and enhances CIC by 125-fold compared to conventional metal microelectrodes. Moreover, the NT-3DFG-based nanomaterials exhibit high functional stability. Our results highlight the importance of extrapolating electrode topography to 3D and developing hybrid nanomaterials for miniaturized microelectrodes for functional bioelectronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–Polystyrene Sulfonate Hybrid Nanostructures for Input/Output Bioelectronics

Garg,

Balakrishnan,

Rashid

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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“…The authors asked whether the resolution of liquid metal electrodes could be efficiently reduced by other printing methods, whether stretchable electronics could be expanded to cuff electrodes for peripheral nerve recording, and what functional properties can be integrated into stretchable neural interfaces. Answers to these questions are crucial in future diagnostic brain–computer interfaces and neuroscientific studies. − Microfluidic platforms possess many advantages, including precise manipulation of fluids within microscale confinements and highly controllable process parameters . By integrating conductive fluids with microchannels, soft microfluidic chips can provide a robust tool for advanced manufacturing of high-resolution wearable and flexible electronics …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable, Self-Rolled, Microfluidic Electronics Enable Conformable Neural Interfaces of Brain and Vagus Neuromodulation

Dong,

Wang,

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Implantable neuroelectronic interfaces have gained significant importance in long-term brain−computer interfacing and neuroscience therapy. However, due to the mechanical and geometrical mismatches between the electrode−nerve interfaces, personalized and compatible neural interfaces remain serious issues for peripheral neuromodulation. This study introduces the stretchable and flexible electronics class as a self-rolled neural interface for neurological diagnosis and modulation. These stretchable electronics are made from liquid metal−polymer conductors with a high resolution of 30 μm using microfluidic printing technology. They exhibit high conformability and stretchability (over 600% strain) during body movements and have good biocompatibility during long-term implantation (over 8 weeks). These stretchable electronics offer real-time monitoring of epileptiform activities with excellent conformability to soft brain tissue. The study also develops self-rolled microfluidic electrodes that tightly wind the deforming nerves with minimal constraint (160 μm in diameter). The in vivo signal recording of the vagus and sciatic nerve demonstrates the potential of self-rolled cuff electrodes for sciatic and vagus neural modulation by recording action potential and reducing heart rate. The findings of this study suggest that the robust, easy-to-use self-rolled microfluidic electrodes may provide useful tools for compatible neuroelectronics and neural modulation.

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“…[24] To reduce the elastic modulus, flexible electrodes can be fabricated by depositing conductive layers on flexible substrates. [25] However, they still exhibit a much higher modulus compared with the brain tissue. Hydrogels can mimic the physicochemical properties of brain tissues due to their water-rich 3D structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological Hydrogels for Long‐Term Brain Signal Monitoring, Neuromodulation, and Stroke Treatment

Shen,

Liang,

Chang

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Stroke is the primary cause of disability without effective rehabilitation methods. Emerging brain–machine interfaces offer promise for regulating brain neural circuits and promoting the recovery of brain function disorders. Implantable probes play key roles in brain–machine interfaces, which are subject to two irreconcilable tradeoffs between conductivity and modulus match/transparency. In this work, mechanically interlocked polyrotaxane is incorporated into topological hydrogels to solve the two tradeoffs at the molecular level through the pulley effect of polyrotaxane. The unique performance of the topological hydrogels enables them to acquire brain neural information and conduct neuromodulation. The probe is capable of continuously recording local field potentials for eight weeks. Optogenetic neuromodulation in the primary motor cortex to regulate brain neural circuits and control limb behavior is realized using the probe. Most importantly, optogenetic neuromodulation is conducted using the probe, which effectively reduces the infarct regions of the brain tissue and promotes locomotor function recovery. This work exhibits a significant scientific advancement in the design concept of neural probes for developing brain‐machine interfaces and seeking brain disease therapies.

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Translational opportunities and challenges of invasive electrodes for neural interfaces

Cited by 46 publications

References 225 publications

Graphene and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–Polystyrene Sulfonate Hybrid Nanostructures for Input/Output Bioelectronics

Graphene and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)–Polystyrene Sulfonate Hybrid Nanostructures for Input/Output Bioelectronics

Stretchable, Self-Rolled, Microfluidic Electronics Enable Conformable Neural Interfaces of Brain and Vagus Neuromodulation

Topological Hydrogels for Long‐Term Brain Signal Monitoring, Neuromodulation, and Stroke Treatment

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