Translational Recoding

Abstract

The limitation of a triplet code with only four bases from which to choose and the size limitation of viral genomes has placed evolutionary pressure on translational coding. Organisms and viruses have developed a variety of methods of translational recoding, including codon reassignment and frameshifting, temporarily altering the canonical reading of mRNA to meet their needs. A translational recoding event can be caused by alterations in the mRNA and/or the tRNA and may even necessitate specific ribosomal elongation factors. Scientists also desire to alter the genetic code by manipulation of natural recoding events and by exploitation of artificial genetic code expansion.