Translational Research on Chagas Disease: Focusing on Drug Combination and Repositioning

Abstract

Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a major neglected disease endemic to Latin America, associated to significant morbimortality comprising a remarkable socioeconomic problem mainly for low-income tropical populations. The present chapter focuses translational research on Chagas disease, approaching drug combinations and repositioning, particularly exploiting the parasite oxidative stress by prospecting prooxidant compounds combined with antagonists of antioxidant systems, for developing low-cost and safe therapies for this infection. The pertinent literature on protozoal parasitic diseases is reviewed as well as on repurposing disulfiram aiming the combination with the Chagas disease drug of choice benznidazole. Both disulfiram and its first derivative sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC) are able not only to inhibit p-glycoprotein, possibly reverting resistance phenotypes, but also to reduce toxicity of numerous other drugs, heavy metals, etc. Therefore, this innovation, presently in clinical research, may furnish a novel therapeutic for T. cruzi infections overcoming the adverse effects and refractory cases that impair the effectiveness of Chagas disease treatment.

Using 5-Nitroimidazole Derivatives against Neglected Tropical Protozoan Diseases: Systematic Review

“…Because Chagasic cardiomyopathy leads to a progressive inability to continue working, it results in an economic loss exceeding USD 1.2 billion annually. In non-endemic countries, a loss of over USD 7 billion is estimated due to treatment costs and productivity loss [46].…”