Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

Zhu, Jiajian; Ehn, Andreas; Gao, Jinlong; Kong, Chengdong; Aldén, Marcus; Salewski, M.; Leipold, F.; Kusano, Yukihiro; Li, Zhongshan

doi:10.1364/oe.25.020243

Cited by 90 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Near the end of the arc discharge stage, the vibrational temperature does not show a large variation during and in between two discharge pulses, but the it is still considerably higher than the gas temperature (i.e., about 5000 vs. 1000 K), indicating that the vibrational levels are overpopulated during the entire gliding arc cycle, and thus that the gliding arc is far from thermal equilibrium. Our calculated values of the vibrational temperature range from 4500 to 8000 K, which is in general good agreement with experimental investigations for a kHz alternating current (AC) air gliding arc at atmospheric pressure.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling

et al. 2017

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The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into valuable compounds, that is, so-called nitrogen fixation, is gaining increased interest, owing to the essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Plasma technology, and more specifically gliding arc plasma, has great potential in this area, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we developed a detailed chemical kinetics model for a pulsed-power gliding-arc reactor operating at atmospheric pressure for nitrogen oxide synthesis. Experiments are performed to validate the model and reasonable agreement is reached between the calculated and measured NO and NO yields and the corresponding energy efficiency for NO formation for different N /O ratios, indicating that the model can provide a realistic picture of the plasma chemistry. Therefore, we can use the model to investigate the reaction pathways for the formation and loss of NO . The results indicate that vibrational excitation of N in the gliding arc contributes significantly to activating the N molecules, and leads to an energy efficient way of NO production, compared to the thermal process. Based on the underlying chemistry, the model allows us to propose solutions on how to further improve the NO formation by gliding arc technology. Although the energy efficiency of the gliding-arc-based nitrogen fixation process at the present stage is not comparable to the world-scale Haber-Bosch process, we believe our study helps us to come up with more realistic scenarios of entering a cutting-edge innovation in new business cases for the decentralised production of fertilisers for agriculture, in which low-temperature plasma technology might play an important role.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling

et al. 2017

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“…The plasma column moves along the coaxial part of the electrodes. The column displacement here and the discharge properties resemble that for the gliding arc or gliding glow discharge [9,42,[48][49][50]. After a time interval of 4.6 ms, the discharge burning voltage begins to increase smoothly.…”

Section: Results Of Measurements and Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 64%

Nonsteady-state processes in a low-current discharge in airflow and formation of a plasma jet

et al. 2019

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The paper describes the investigations of a low-current discharge in airflow with the electrode configuration of coaxial plasmatron. An inner diameter of the plasmatron nozzle is of 0.5 cm and the mass airflow rate is from 0.1 to 0.3 g s −1 . Typical averaged discharge current is varied from 0.06 to 0.2 A. In these conditions, due to airflow the so-called plasma jet forms in the plasmatron nozzle and at its exit. The total current in plasmatron mainly flows via the constricted plasma column of the glow discharge and only a small fraction of current is carried by the jet. The principal idea of the experiments is to reveal the mechanism of the jet formation and to elucidate how the nonsteady discharge regimes influence on the jet properties. We have proposed the method for the jet diagnostics, which is based on measuring the currents to the additional diagnostic electrodes located outside the nozzle. The obtained data show that the jet current forms due to electrons that are emitted from the boundary of plasma column. The temporal behavior of the jet current is determined by the position of the column inside the plasmatron nozzle, which changes with time. Hence, the term 'plasma jet' has to be used with care, since the charged particles in the jet area are the electrons. The estimated electron density in the jet is of about 10 9 cm -3 .

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“…Considering the relatively low concentration of toluene and low-ionization degree of the gliding discharge, the concentration of oxygen was treated as constant. As shown in our previous work, the high temperature region ([500 K) of the gliding arc discharge is distributed in the vicinity of the plasma column and restrained in a narrow region [27] where there are relatively more energetic electrons and reactive radicals distributed in this core region. It is expected that the toluene molecules are more effectively destructed in this core region.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…The influence of temperature on the estimation of local toluene removal efficiency has been examined here. In our previous work, Rayleigh thermometry was conducted on a same type of gliding discharge [27]. It is found that the maximum temperature around the discharge channel reached about 1100 K. The high temperature region ([500 K) spread across the discharge channel for about 3-5 mm.…”

Section: Estimation Of Toluene Removal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 98%

In-Situ Non-intrusive Diagnostics of Toluene Removal by a Gliding Arc Discharge Using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence

Gao

Zhu

Ehn

et al. 2016

Plasma Chem Plasma Process

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A non-equilibrium gliding arc discharge anchored on two diverging stainless steel electrodes was extended into open air by a toluene-containing air jet. The removal process of the toluene by the non-equilibrium gliding arc discharge was investigated through in situ and non-intrusive laser-based techniques. Simultaneous planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of toluene and OH radicals were employed to achieve on-line visualization of the toluene decomposing process by the gliding arc discharge column. Toluene PLIF images with high spatial and temporal resolution showed that the nonequilibrium plasma of the gliding arc discharge is effective in decomposing toluene molecules. Instantaneous toluene removal efficiency was estimated from the toluene PLIF images, showing that the initial toluene concentrations and oxygen concentrations affected the toluene removal efficiency. The toluene removal efficiency decreased with the initial toluene concentration, whereas the efficiency increased with the oxygen concentration. The OH generation in the discharge was found to be enhanced with an increase of the toluene concentration from the OH PLIF results. The relative instantaneous distribution between the OH produced from the discharge channels and the toluene flow was simultaneously visualized. The instantaneous distributions of toluene and OH radicals that were acquired simultaneously by PLIF, were well complementary, suggesting that radicals generated by the gliding arc discharge were responsible for toluene removal in the active volume of the gliding arc discharge. The effective width of the plasma volume for the toluene removal were measured, which gives a new insight into the optimization of industrial design for practical gliding arc reactors.

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Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures of a gliding arc discharge

Cited by 90 publications

References 51 publications

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling

Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling

Nonsteady-state processes in a low-current discharge in airflow and formation of a plasma jet

In-Situ Non-intrusive Diagnostics of Toluene Removal by a Gliding Arc Discharge Using Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence

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