Translational spinal cord injury research

Reier, Paul J.; Lane, Megan; Hall, Edward D.; Teng, Yang D.; Howland, Dena R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52137-8.00026-7

Cited by 34 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 250 publications

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“…Early animal models generated variable results, and researchers used different behavioral tests to assess the effects of treatment on functional recovery (Silver et al, 2014; Blight, 1983, 1991; Modi et al, 2011; Crowe et al, 1997; Griffiths, 1976; Reier et al, 2012). The first clinical trials of spinal cord injury treatments were based on observations from some of these early models, although disappointing results prompted the field to seek out more standardized (and less costly) rodent models.…”

Section: Rat Spinal Cord Injury Models the Human Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fact that experimental spinal cord injury in rodents is such a robust and reliable model that it also allows the assessment of quite modest degrees of treatment-induced functional improvement has been argued to perhaps be another disadvantage (Reier et al, 2012). Injuries in humans, and the recovery from these injuries, are so heterogeneous that smaller improvements of function might be difficult to detect, unless very large trials are carried out (Wu et al, 2015).…”

Section: Limitations and Future Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experimentally, spinal cord injuries in the rat have become the primary model in which to evaluate different experimental treatment strategies (Gomes-Osman et al, 2016; Onifer et al, 2007; Reier et al, 2012). It is from these studies that we have learnt much of what is known about the pathological events that follow spinal cord injury, typically summarized as ‘secondary injury’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to potential therapies

Kjell

Olson

2016

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

309

209

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A long-standing goal of spinal cord injury research is to develop effective spinal cord repair strategies for the clinic. Rat models of spinal cord injury provide an important mammalian model in which to evaluate treatment strategies and to understand the pathological basis of spinal cord injuries. These models have facilitated the development of robust tests for assessing the recovery of locomotor and sensory functions. Rat models have also allowed us to understand how neuronal circuitry changes following spinal cord injury and how recovery could be promoted by enhancing spontaneous regenerative mechanisms and by counteracting intrinsic inhibitory factors. Rat studies have also revealed possible routes to rescuing circuitry and cells in the acute stage of injury. Spatiotemporal and functional studies in these models highlight the therapeutic potential of manipulating inflammation, scarring and myelination. In addition, potential replacement therapies for spinal cord injury, including grafts and bridges, stem primarily from rat studies. Here, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of rat experimental spinal cord injury models and summarize knowledge gained from these models. We also discuss how an emerging understanding of different forms of injury, their pathology and degree of recovery has inspired numerous treatment strategies, some of which have led to clinical trials.

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Section: Rat Spinal Cord Injury Models the Human Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Possibilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rat models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to potential therapies

Kjell

Olson

2016

Disease Models &Amp; Mechanisms

309

209

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“…Spinal cord injury (SCI) research predominantly focuses on pathogenesis and development of treatment modalities and to hasten the recovery of patients. Rats are widely used in SCI research [1,2,3,4] and this species has aided in the development of a plethora of treatment methodologies which have undergone or are undergoing clinical trials [5]. The majority of injuries in humans occur at the cervical level [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel technique to develop thoracic spinal laminectomy and a methodology to assess the functionality and welfare of the contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model

2019

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This study reports the advantage of a novel technique employing a motorised dental burr to assist laminectomy over the conventional manual technique at T10-T11 vertebra level in a rat model of spinal cord injury. Twenty-four female rats were randomly assigned to four groups: (1) conventionally laminectomised, (2) dental burr assisted laminectomised, (3) conventionally laminectomised with spinal cord contusion and (4) dental burr assisted laminectomised with spinal cord contusion. Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) score, postoperative body weights, rat grimace scale (RGS), open cage activity and rearing was studied at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively, and area of spinal tissue affected was evaluated histologically. Laminectomised and spinal cord injured rats from dental burr groups showed significantly more weight gain and less weight loss respectively in comparison with respective conventionally laminectomised groups at various time points. Significantly higher RGS score was noticed in conventionally laminectomised animals on Day 1 in comparison to burr assisted laminectomy and presence of pain was evident until Day 7 in the conventionally spinal cord injured group. BBB score did not differ between techniques, whereas laminectomy groups showed more resting time than spinal injury groups. High rearing score was significantly higher in groups which underwent dental burr assisted technique at various time points with respect to their conventional counterparts. This study suggests that the use of dental burr assisted technique to perform laminectomy will bring refinement by producing less pain, aiding in better recovery, removing procedural artefacts without affecting the outcome of the model.

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“…One of the key objects used for biomodeling of spinal trauma is the rat. Spinal cord injuries in rats have become the main model used to evaluate the strategy of experimental treatment of SCI [4, 12]. In this review, we describe recent advances in the use of 3D biodegradable materials (scaffolds) designed to provide regenerative growth of axons over the entire injury area of the spinal cord, thereby creating the environment for its endogenous recovery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Models of Spinal Cord Injury in Laboratory Rats

et al. 2018

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Pathologies associated with spinal cord injury are some of the leading diseases in the world. The search for new therapeutic agents and 3D biodegradable materials for the recovery of spinal cord functions is a topical issue. In this review, we have summarized the literature data on the most common experimental models of spinal cord injury in laboratory rats and analyzed the experience of using 3D biodegradable materials (scaffolds) in experimental studies of spinal trauma. The advantages and disadvantages of the described models are systematically analyzed in this review.

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Translational spinal cord injury research

Cited by 34 publications

References 250 publications

Rat models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to potential therapies

Rat models of spinal cord injury: from pathology to potential therapies

A novel technique to develop thoracic spinal laminectomy and a methodology to assess the functionality and welfare of the contusion spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model

Experimental Models of Spinal Cord Injury in Laboratory Rats

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