Translocation of Crohn's disease Escherichia coli across M-cells: contrasting effects of soluble plant fibres and emulsifiers

Abstract

BackgroundCrohn's disease is common in developed nations where the typical diet is low in fibre and high in processed food. Primary lesions overlie Peyer's patches and colonic lymphoid follicles where bacterial invasion through M-cells occurs. We have assessed the effect of soluble non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) and food emulsifiers on translocation of Escherichia coli across M-cells.MethodsTo assess effects of soluble plant fibres and food emulsifiers on translocation of mucosa-associated E coli isolates from Crohn's disease patients and from non-Crohn's controls, we used M-cell monolayers, generated by co-culture of Caco2-cl1 and Raji B cells, and human Peyer's patches mounted in Ussing chambers.ResultsE coli translocation increased across M-cells compared to parent Caco2-cl1 monocultures; 15.8-fold (IQR 6.2–32.0) for Crohn's disease E coli (N=8) and 6.7-fold (IQR 3.7–21.0) for control isolates (N=5). Electron microscopy confirmed E coli within M-cells. Plantain and broccoli NSP markedly reduced E coli translocation across M-cells at 5 mg/ml (range 45.3–82.6% inhibition, p<0.01); apple and leek NSP had no significant effect. Polysorbate-80, 0.01% vol/vol, increased E coli translocation through Caco2-cl1 monolayers 59-fold (p<0.05) and, at higher concentrations, increased translocation across M-cells. Similarly, E coli translocation across human Peyer's patches was reduced 45±7% by soluble plantain NSP (5 mg/ml) and increased 2-fold by polysorbate-80 (0.1% vol/vol).ConclusionsTranslocation of E coli across M-cells is reduced by soluble plant fibres, particularly plantain and broccoli, but increased by the emulsifier Polysorbate-80. These effects occur at relevant concentrations and may contribute to the impact of dietary factors on Crohn's disease pathogenesis.

The IbeA Invasin of Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Mediates Interaction with Intestinal Epithelia and Macrophages

“…S3 in the supplemental material), a finding consistent with previous reports (33). The percentage of Caco-2 cells that acquire M-like cell morphology can range from 15 to 30% of the monolayer (33,34).…”

Intestinal Microbes in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

“…Several probiotic bacterial species prevent attachment of enteric pathogens to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro ( 67 ). An alternative strategy is to block binding to lectins with bacterial components ( 68 ). Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been shown to be eff ective in a small controlled pilot study of Crohn ' s disease patients ( 69 ), but did not show benefi t in the primary end point of response defi ned by CDAI (Crohn ' s disease activity index) decrease ≥ 70 points in a larger multinational study ( 70 ).…”

Rôle de certains additifs alimentaires dans l’apparition d’une inflammation intestinale et du syndrome métabolique chez la souris

“…Cette pratique d'ajout d'agents émulsifiants dans les aliments transformés corrèle avec l'augmentation de l'incidence des MICI et du syndrome métabolique depuis le milieu du XX e siècle. Or, il a précédemment été montré que ces additifs favorisaient la translocation bactérienne à travers certaines cellules épithéliales intestinales [12], et semblaient induire une inflammation iléale chez la souris [13]. Les aliments interagissent de manière très étroite avec notre microbiote intestinal et il est donc envisageable que certains procédés de l'agroalimentaire, notamment l'utilisation d'additifs, puissent altérer ce dernier.…”