Translocation of Organic Substances in Trees. III. The Removal of Sugars from the Sieve Tubes in the White Ash (Fraxinus Americana L.).

Zimmermann, Martin H.

doi:10.1104/pp.33.3.213

Cited by 54 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Tbe phenol-sulphuric acid method does not detect mannitol, an important soluble carbohydrate translocated in Fraxinus americana L. (Zimmermann, 1958;Trip, Nelson & Krotkov, 1965). However, expressed as hexose units, mannitol represented only 3 to 7 % of the translocate, the remainder being the soluble oligosaccharides stacbyose, raffinose, verbascose, and sucrose which are detected by this method.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

Douds

Chaney

1986

New Phytologist

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SUMMARYThe effects of Glomus macrocarpum and a high rate of nutrient addition upon growth, root carbohydrate and P content, and mycorrhizal development in green ash {Fraxinus pennsylvanica) seedlings were studied over two growing seasons. Mycorrhizal and simila -ly growing non-mycorrhizal seedlings had similar seasonal patterns in growth and in root carbohydrate and P content. No clear difference in mycorrhizal development as as result of nutrient treatment occurred until the middle of the second growing season when the percent root infection of seedlings that received low nutrient increased and that of seedlings that received high nutrient decreased. A seasonal cycle with two phases in the interaction of the VA mycorrhiza and host growth, root .shoot ratios, root infection, root content of soluble sugars, starch and P, arbuscule and vesicle numbers, and spore population is proposed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

Douds

Chaney

1986

New Phytologist

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“…Numerous workers have postulated that an active process in the minor vein phloem serves to drive mass flow of solutes (1,2,4,5,7,10,14,22,25,26). In support, various investigators have used autoradiography to demonstrate loading of minor vein phloem (9,14,16,17,23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute Distribution in Sugar Beet Leaves in Relation to Phloem Loading and Translocation

Geiger¹,

Giaquinta²,

Sovonick³

et al. 1973

Plant Physiol.

144

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The distribution of solutes in the various cells of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) source leaves, petioles, and sink leaves was studied in tissue prepared by freeze-substitution. The differences in degree of cryoprotection indicated that sieve elements and companion cells of the source leaf, petiole, and sink leaf contain a high concentration of solute. The osmotic pressure of various types of cells was measured by observing incipient plasmolysis in freeze-substituted tissues equilibrated with a series of mannitol solutions prior to rapid freezing. Analysis of source leaf tissue revealed osmotic pressure values of 13 bars for the mesophyll and 30 bars for the sieve elements and companion cells. The osmotic pressure of the mesophyll of sink leaves was somewhat higher.The sharp concentration increase at the membrane of the sieve element-companion cell complex of the source leaf indicates active phloem loading from the free space at this site. Active loading of the phloem is presumably needed to move the sugar from the chloroplasts of the mesophyll to the sieve tubes against the concentration gradient. The osmotic pressure of the mature sieve element-companion cell complex appears to be approximately the same in source leaf, path, and sink leaf tissue. There is a distinct difference in concentration between the mature sieve element-companion cell complex in the sink and the surrounding mesophyll. The solute distribution suggests that sugar is actively accumulated from the free space by the developing sink leaf tissue.The osmotic values observed in the various cells are consistent with the operation of a mass flow mechanism of translocation driven by active phloem loading and by active accumulation of sugar by sink tissues.

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“…Zimmermann reported the presence of mannitol, sucrose, raffinose, stachyose, and a trace of verbascose in the sieve tube exudate of white ash but no other sugars (8,9). In the leaf of white ash, we have observed in addition to these substances, mellibiose, maltose, galactose, glucose, and fructose.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…'02 to 2 hours and permitting subsequent assimilation of C1202 for 8 hours, directed more C14 into the mannitol pool, possibly a t the expense of the C14 content of sucrose and raffinose. Because sugars of white ash have been nlore extensively investigated (8,9) than those of lilac, experinleilt 2 was repeated using a 1.0-g leaf of white ash. After 50 minutes a t 4000 ft-c and 300 p.p.m.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BIOSYNTHESIS OF MANNITOL-C¹⁴ FROM C¹⁴O₂ BY DETACHED LEAVES OF WHITE ASH AND LILAC

Trip¹,

Krotkov²,

Nelson³

1963

Can. J. Bot.

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T o find a higher plant suitable for the biosynthesis of mannitol-Cl.l, detached leaves of 20 species were illuminated in the presence of C1"O? and subsequent distribution of C'* among their sugars was determined. Mannitol-C14 was found in 4 species, verbascos~-C" in 3, stachyose-C1.' in 9, raffino~e-Cl,~ in 16, mellibiose-C14 in 2, maltose-C'" in 15, sucrose-C1" in 20, galactose-C1" in 8, glucose-C" in 17, and fructose-C" in 12. Syringa vulgaris L. and Frariltz~s a7nericana L.were found to be the most suitable plants for the preparation of radioactive mannitol of high specific activity. The yield was 19.6% in Syringa, with specific activity = 38,4pc/ing, and 8.4% in Fmxinus, with specific activity = 68.5 1.rcl1ng.

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Translocation of Organic Substances in Trees. III. The Removal of Sugars from the Sieve Tubes in the White Ash (Fraxinus Americana L.).

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

Solute Distribution in Sugar Beet Leaves in Relation to Phloem Loading and Translocation

BIOSYNTHESIS OF MANNITOL-C¹⁴ FROM C¹⁴O₂ BY DETACHED LEAVES OF WHITE ASH AND LILAC

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Translocation of Organic Substances in Trees. III. The Removal of Sugars from the Sieve Tubes in the White Ash (Fraxinus Americana L.).

Cited by 54 publications

References 16 publications

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

THE EFFECT OF HIGH NUTRIENT ADDITION UPON SEASONAL PATTERNS OF MYCORRHIZAL DEVELOPMENT, HOST GROWTH, AND ROOT PHOSPHORUS AND CARBOHYDRATE CONTENT IN FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA MARSH

Solute Distribution in Sugar Beet Leaves in Relation to Phloem Loading and Translocation

BIOSYNTHESIS OF MANNITOL-C14 FROM C14O2 BY DETACHED LEAVES OF WHITE ASH AND LILAC

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BIOSYNTHESIS OF MANNITOL-C¹⁴ FROM C¹⁴O₂ BY DETACHED LEAVES OF WHITE ASH AND LILAC