Translocation of residual ethoprophos and tricyclazole from soil to spinach

Unintentional pesticide contamination in rotational crops, often caused by soil contamination from pesticide use in the preceding crops, is a major concern in a positive list system. The residue and dissipation pattern of fluopyram in soil and scallions were investigated to evaluate the uptake of fluopyram from the soil by scallions. In addition, the management concentration in soil (MCsoil) was calculated based on bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and the maximum residue limit (0.2 mg/kg) in leaf-and-stem vegetables. In a field experiment, plots in two different trials, A and B, were treated with 0.06 g fluopyram/m2 and maintained for 30 days according to OECD guidelines. Scallion seedlings were cultivated for 48 days. Soil samples were taken at three different time points: DAP (Days after planting) 0, 34, and 48. Scallion samples were collected at five different time points: DAP 20, 27, 34, 41, and 48. The initial amounts of fluopyram in soil at DAP 0 were 0.94 ± 0.03 and 0.96 ± 0.04 mg/kg in trials A and B, respectively. The half-life of fluopyram in the soil was 87–231 days. Fluopyram uptake by the roots increased over time, but fluopyram residue in the scallions decreased due to the dilution effect caused by an increase in plant weight. The residues in the scallions at DAP 48 were 0.22 ± 0.01 and 0.15 ± 0.01 mg/kg in trials A and B, respectively. The BCFs of scallions for fluopyram were 0.21–0.24 (trial A) and 0.14–0.18 (trial B). The MCsoil was proposed as 0.8 mg/kg, and may be utilized as a safe management guideline for precautionary practices to cultivate safe rotational crops.

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“…The dissipation constants for fluopyram in soil and scallion were calculated using a first-order kinetic model using Equation (1) [7,17,18]:…”

Section: Dissipation Constant and Half-life For Fluopyram In Soil And...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of Fungicide Fluopyram from Soil by Scallions during Greenhouse Cultivation

Yun

Choi

2023

Foods

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“…In South Korea, PFOA and PFOS residues in the environment, including the agricultural environment, are surveyed and monitored under the POPs Control Act; the levels of these residues are reportedly below a part-per-billion [16][17][18][19]. Further, as environmental residues can be transferred and accumulated into crops, they should be controlled to keep them from entering the human food web [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of PFOA and PFOS have been reported for various crops and animals. The factors were low (below 10) for crops; however, PFOA and PFOS were frequently detected in various crops [17,19,[22][23][24][25]. The dietary exposure to PFOA and PFOS has not yet been fully estimated because of the lack of information on their residues in food crops [2,21,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The dietary risk assessment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorosulfonic acid (PFOS) in the root crops from the survey of the residue in agricultural soil and the crops

Choi¹,

Lee²,

Song³

et al. 2022

Appl Biol Chem

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Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that are prohibited from being produced and used. However, they remain in the agricultural environment and are transferred to crops. In addition, PFOA is classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. To fully understand the exposure and risk of PFOA and PFOS for human in crops, a residue survey and estimation of dietary exposure assessment are needed. Therefore, we investigated the residues of PFOA and PFOS in upland soil and cultivated root crops. The average residues of PFOA and PFOS in the soil were < 0.054–0.541 μg kg–1 and 0.024–0.111 μg kg–1, and 0.067–0.193 μg kg–1 and < 0.02 μg kg–1 in the crops, respectively. The average PFOA residues were higher than PFOS in the soil and crops. The estimated daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS in the crops were 0.284 ng kgbw–1 day–1 and 0.023 ng kgbw–1 day–1, and the estimated hazard quotients were 0.355 and 0.013, respectively. In addition, the excess cancer risk of PFOA was calculated to be 1.99 × 10–8. Thus, the non–carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of PFOA and PFOS were not notable from the surveyed residues in the crops. However, the risks may be higher when the residues in other food crops are considered.

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“…1). 13 However, it has been recognized that repeated application of these synthetic chemicals has polluted the ecosystem and has adverse impacts on non‐target organism 14–19 . More importantly, the resistance of some of the commercial MBIs has been reported 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 However, it has been recognized that repeated application of these synthetic chemicals has polluted the ecosystem and has adverse impacts on non-target organism. [14][15][16][17][18][19] More importantly, the resistance of some of the commercial MBIs has been reported. 13 Accordingly, there is a high demand for new ecologically benign and relatively low toxic MBIs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guaiacol as a natural melanin biosynthesis inhibitor to control northern corn leaf blight

Wang

Yuan

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The natural 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin biosynthesis inhibitors (MBIs) are one of the promising approaches to the integrated management of plant diseases but have received scarce attention until now. Herein, to explore the natural DHN MBIs used in the control of northern corn leaf blight (NCLB), a library of 53 essential oil compounds was used to screen the MBIs against Exserohilum turcicum, the causal pathogen of NCLB, using tricyclazole as a reference compound. RESULTS The results of morphological change in the colony, thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that guaiacol could effectively inhibit the melanin production at 50 μg/mL under in vitro conditions. The in vitro bioassay results indicated that this inhibition effect was concentration‐dependent and the minimum inhibition concentration of guaiacol was 50 μg/mL. The in vivo experimental results demonstrated that guaiacol significantly inhibited appressorium formation and penetration on corn leaf sheaths at the concentration of 500 μg/mL. The pot experiment results revealed that there were no differences between guaiacol (500 μg/mL) and tricyclazole (100 μg/mL) in control efficacy. The enzymatic assay suggested that guaiacol might exert the activity through inhibiting DHN polymerization to form melanins, which was distinct from tricyclazole. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study screened out guaiacol as a natural MBI from 53 essential oil compounds and verified its effectiveness in the control of NCLB at 500 μg/mL. Above all, this research opened an avenue for exploring natural DHN MBIs in the integrated management of plant diseases. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Translocation of residual ethoprophos and tricyclazole from soil to spinach

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Uptake of Fungicide Fluopyram from Soil by Scallions during Greenhouse Cultivation

Uptake of Fungicide Fluopyram from Soil by Scallions during Greenhouse Cultivation

The dietary risk assessment of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorosulfonic acid (PFOS) in the root crops from the survey of the residue in agricultural soil and the crops

Guaiacol as a natural melanin biosynthesis inhibitor to control northern corn leaf blight

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