2014
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.09.102
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Transmetallation of Gd-DTPA by Fe3+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in water: Batch experiments and coagulation–flocculation simulations

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Cited by 24 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…One major challenge in the development of a Gd-based contrast agent is the inherent toxicity of the Gd 3+ ion when dissociated from its chelate in vivo. (Zhou and Lu 2013) In the nanocrystal form (i.e., NaGdF 4 ), the hexagonal phase provides a stable matrix that eliminates transmetallation with endogenous metal ions (i.e., Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ) (Morcos 2008;Rabiet et al 2014;Telgmann et al 2012;Wu et al 2010) and hinders any leaching of toxic, free Gd 3+ ions. (Chen et al 2011;Kumar et al 2009) The very low concentration of Gd 3+ when dialyzed against H 2 O demonstrates the high stability of the nanoparticles against dissolution attributed to their thermodynamically stable hexagonal phase.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One major challenge in the development of a Gd-based contrast agent is the inherent toxicity of the Gd 3+ ion when dissociated from its chelate in vivo. (Zhou and Lu 2013) In the nanocrystal form (i.e., NaGdF 4 ), the hexagonal phase provides a stable matrix that eliminates transmetallation with endogenous metal ions (i.e., Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ) (Morcos 2008;Rabiet et al 2014;Telgmann et al 2012;Wu et al 2010) and hinders any leaching of toxic, free Gd 3+ ions. (Chen et al 2011;Kumar et al 2009) The very low concentration of Gd 3+ when dialyzed against H 2 O demonstrates the high stability of the nanoparticles against dissolution attributed to their thermodynamically stable hexagonal phase.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One major challenge in the development of a Gd-based contrast agent is the inherent toxicity of the Gd 3+ ion when dissociated from its chelate in vivo. [57] In the nanocrystal form (i.e., NaGdF 4 ), the hexagonal phase provides a stable matrix that eliminates transmetallation with endogenous metal ions (i.e., Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ) [58][59][60][61] and hinders any leaching of toxic,free Gd 3+ ions. [62,63] The very low concentration of Gd 3+ when dialyzed against H 2 O demonstrates the high stability of the nanoparticles against dissolution attributed to their thermodynamically stable hexagonal phase.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…One major challenge in the development of a Gd-based contrast agent is the inherent toxicity of the Gd 3+ ion when dissociated from its chelate in vivo. [53] In the nanocrystal form (i.e., NaGdF 4 ), the hexagonal phase provides a stable matrix that eliminates transmetallation with endogenous metal ions (i.e., Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ , Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ ) [54][55][56][57] and hinders any leaching of toxic free Gd 3+ ions. [58,59] The very low concentration of Gd 3+ when dialyzed against H 2 O demonstrates the high stability of the nanoparticles against dissolution attributed to their thermodynamically stable hexagonal phase.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%