Transmissão da doença de Chagas por consumo de carne de caça: revisão sistemática

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Objective: To evaluate the influence of game meat consumption in Chagas disease (CD) transmission, the conditions under which it occurs and the frequency of reports in the literature. Methods: Through systematic review, databases PubMed, LILACS, MEDLINE, and SciELO were consulted, and articles written in Portuguese, English, and Spanish were included, with no limitation over publication date. We used the following descriptors: oral, transmission, meat, wild animals, hunt, carnivory, and Chagas disease. Articles that mentioned consumption of animal meat as a form of human transmission of CD were included. We used epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory evidence criteria to confirm cases. Results: Among the 298 articles identified, only six met the eligibility criteria. Only five episodes of oral transmission through wild animal meat or blood consumption were identified. However, in two of them, the possibility of vectorial transmission could not be ruled out. Most reports met the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory evidence criteria established to support the transmission. Conclusion: Though CD transmission is uncommon, hunting and consumption of wild mammals that serve as Trypanosoma cruzi reservoirs should be discouraged in endemic countries in light of the risks inherent to these practices.

Heterogeneity of Trypanosoma cruzi infection rates in vectors and animal reservoirs in Colombia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Factors associated with the hunting, sacrifice and manipulation of these animal species could represent a potential risk for accidental contamination with T. cruzi in humans. Of particular importance, several species from the order Cingulata (popularly known armadillos and cachicamos) and from the order Chiroptera (bats) are believed to have curative properties in some communities; for this reason their blood is consumed immediately after sacrifice as part of curative rituals, a practice described even from the pre-Columbian era [74, 75].…”

“…Finally, an important limitation is related to diagnostic methods. An important recent study in triatomine vectors has identified that optical microscopy used for routine surveillance missed ~50–75% of infections and wrongly scored as infected ~7% of the bugs when only one slide per vector was used [75]. For animals, we found the use of various tests with high specificity for T. cruzi detection such as xenodiagnostic, haemoculture and coloured smears, and in the case of the family Canidae serological methods were used and in some cases with PCR confirmation [76, 77].…”

Imaging the development of chronic Chagas disease after oral transmission

“…Oral transmission involving mammalian stage parasites (BTs and amastigotes) is rarely studied. A few cases of acute infection linked to consumption of infected meat from animal reservoirs have been reported 36 and carnivory is a component of sylvatic transmission cycles 37 . In our experiments, BTs were not transmissible via the stomach.…”

Parques do Brasil: a conservação da biodiversidade como promoção da saúde e da qualidade de vida

“…Apesar dos esforços promovidos pela Organização Mundial da Saúde-OMS, numa abordagem denominada One Health, "para projetar e implementar programas, políticas, legislação e pesquisa nas quais vários setores se comunicam e trabalham juntos para alcançar melhores resultados de saúde pública" (WHO, 2017), ainda não há reconhecimento suficiente de que a nossa saúde está intimamente ligada à sustentabilidade e à saúde dos ecossistemas. O desmatamento, a fragmentação e a conversão dos ecossistemas naturais, o crescimento urbano desordenado e, de uma forma ainda mais direta, práticas como a caça e a venda de animais silvestres para consumo humano, são consideradas as principais causas de propagação de doenças zoonóticas (DOBSON et al, 2020;SANGENIS, 2016;ALHO, 2012;JORGE et al, 2010).…”