Transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets:A model of infantile viral diarrhea

Kelly, M.H.; Butler, Daniel G.; Hamilton, J. R.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(72)80003-9

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Mucosa was then scraped from the perfused segment, homogenized, and analyzed for DNA (23) and protein content (24). An adjacent segment of intestine was removed, scraped, and used for measurement of Na'K'ATPase activity (25). The collected samples were analyzed for Na' by flame spectrophotometry and for glucose, bile salt, and polyethylene glycol by scintillation spectrometry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epidermal Growth Factor and Postnatal Development of Intestinal Transport and Membrane Structure

1991

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ABSTRACT. The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on postnatal development of intestinal transport and the physical composition of the microvillus membrane were examined. New Zealand White rabbits received EGF (40 pg/kg/d) from d 3 of life to d 17 either intraperitoneally or orogastrically. Intestinal H20, Na' , and glucose absorption expressed per cm of intestine were significantly increased in animals receiving EGF by either route. When EGF was given by the orogastric route, nutrient absorption rates normalized to mucosal DNA were not elevated; thus, increased absorption induced by orogastric EGF appeared to be secondary to mucosal hyperplasia. In contrast, systemic EGF up-regulated cellular nutrient transport. To evaluate at which membrane level these changes occurred, brush border membrane vesicles were isolated from both the jejunum and ileum of control and EGF-treated animals. Rates of Na'-dependent glucose transport into the vesicles revealed that in the ileum systemic EGF up-regulated maximal rates of glucose transport by 54% without affecting the Km. These observations were associated with alterations in the lipid composition and physical properties of the microvillus membrane. EGF-treated animals had significant reductions in membrane cholesterol content and altered ratios of phospholipid subclasses. The net result of these variations was that the microvillus membrane isolated from EGF-treated animals was significantly more fluid than membrane from controls. Thus, these results suggest that EGF modulates development of transport function during the postnatal period both by stimulating mucosal growth and by inducing specific transport processes. Furthermore, these changes are associated with alterations in the physical composition of the microvillus

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Purification was assessed by measuring sucrase sp act in the original homogenate and the final preparation (28). Basolateral membrane contamination was monitored by assaying Na'K'ATPase activity (25). Transport was calculated based upon the protein content of the vesicles as measured by the method of Lowry (24).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidermal Growth Factor and Postnatal Development of Intestinal Transport and Membrane Structure

1991

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“…Homogenates were assayed for sucrase and lactase activities by the method of Dahlqvist (21) and Na-K-ATPase activity by the method of Kelly et al (22), and all results were expressed as U-cm-'. Protein content was measured by the method of Lowry et al (23) and DNA content by the method of Hinegardner (24) using thymus DNA (Sigma Chemical Co., St. Louis, MO) as a standard.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refeeding Enhances Intestinal Repair during an Acute Enteritis in Infant Rabbits Subjected to Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Butzner

Gall

1991

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. We examined the effects of refeeding during an acute bacterial enteritis on small intestinal repair in infant rabbits subjected to protein-energy malnutrition and in noninfected and infected dietary controls. Malnutrition was induced by litter expansion at 7 d of age. Randomly selected litters from both dietary groups were infected on d 17 with Yersinia enterocolotica. Inflammation and intestinal damage were observed in the jejunum and ileum at the "acute stage" of infection in 23-d-old animals from both dietary groups, as evidenced by an inflammatory infiltrate, blunted villi, and reduced disaccharidase activities. In addition, ileal glucose-stimulated Na+ absorption was depressed. On d 24, a 7-d period of ad libitum refeeding of breast milk and rabbit feed was initiated in randomly selected litters of infected-malnourished animals and all dietary controls. Mucosal repair was nearly complete at 31 d of age in infected dietary controls and in the infectedmalnourished animals that were refed, as demonstrated by the recovery of segmental mucosal mass and ileal glucosestimulated Na+ transport in association with the resolution of inflammation and diarrhea. Only mucosal disaccharidase activities remain depressed. In contrast, in 31-d-old infected-malnourished animals subjected to ongoing nutrient deprivation, severe intestinal damage persisted as evidenced by increased mortality, ongoing intestinal inflammation, mucosal hypoplasia, depressed disaccharidase activities, and reduced glucose-stimulated Na+ transport. We conclude that a refeeding regimen introduced during an acute bacterial enteritis is well tolerated and promotes recovery of intestinal mass, structure, and function in malnourished infant rabbits and dietary controls.

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“…Sucrase and lactase activities were measured by the method of Dahlqvist (5), thymidine kinase by a modification (6) of the method of Klemperer and Haynes (7), and Na-K-ATPase as described by Kelly et al (8).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Repair in Chronically Undernourished Rabbits

Guzmán

Hamilton

1986

Pediatr Res

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ABSTRACT. To assess the effect of chronic undernutrition on intestinal epithelial repair after injury, we studied 10-wk-old rabbits, nutritionally deprived for 6 wk (body weight 1.95 -C 0.2 kg versus controls, 2.68 f 0.7 kg, p < 0.001).Intestinal structure and function were assessed 4, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h after a 90-min vascular occlusion of a 20-cm segment of midintestine in undernourished and control-diet animals. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography showed that movement of epithelial cells along the crypt-villus axis was significantly curtailed in undernourished rabbits after sham operation or after ischemic injury. In sham-operated rabbits, no significant differences were observed in mucosal structure, disaccharidase and Na-K-ATPase activities, or Na transport (Ussing chambers) between nutritionally deprived and control diet rabbits. Four and 24 h after ischemic injury, significant but similar structural and functional small intestinal abnormalities occurred in both diet groups; recovery of enzyme function was not significantly delayed but crypt-villus length recovery was minimally delayed in undernourished rabbits. Glucose-stimulated Na absorption diminished in short circuited jejunum from malnourished but not from control diet animals 24 h after injury and was normal in both diet groups at 72 h. After transient small intestinal villus cell injury we observed suppressed epithelial proliferation but no consistent impact on epithelial differentiation in nutritionally deprived rabbits. (Pediatr Res 20: 1301-1304, 1986 Abbreviations Isc, short circuit current Na-K-ATPase, sodium-potassium-dependent ATPase PD, potential difference AIsc, transmucosal Isc Chronic dietary deprivation has been shown in several species to inhibit epithelial renewal in the small intestine (I). We postulated that in the chronically undernourished subject, epithelial repair might be delayed after injury. In fact, a recent study in our laboratory found that chronically under nourished piglets exhibited relatively prolonged recovery from the extensive lesion of experimental viral enteritis (2). The present experiments examine functional and structural intestinal recovery after transient ischemic injury to short segment of mid-small intestine in rabbits subjected to chronic dietary deprivation. MATERIALS AND METHODSBeginning at 4 wk of age, when they weighed 1.2 * 0.2 kg (mean k SEM), New Zealand White rabbits, each day, received 50% of the daily intake of a control ad libitum fed group, for 6 wk. Preliminary experiments had established that any dietary restriction in excess of 50% of control diet caused restlessness, aggressive behavior, and a significant death rate. All rabbits received conventional Rabbit Chow (Ralston Purina Company, Raleigh, NC) and had free access to water. As shown in Figure 1, the deprived diet group gained less weight, 1.95 k 0.2 kg, than the ad libitum fed controls, 2.68 k 0.7 kg (mean k SEM) over the 6-wk study period ( p < 0.00 1).After this 6-wk period, rabbits from both dietary groups, at random, underwent g...

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Transmissible gastroenteritis in piglets:A model of infantile viral diarrhea

Cited by 56 publications

References 24 publications

Epidermal Growth Factor and Postnatal Development of Intestinal Transport and Membrane Structure

Epidermal Growth Factor and Postnatal Development of Intestinal Transport and Membrane Structure

Refeeding Enhances Intestinal Repair during an Acute Enteritis in Infant Rabbits Subjected to Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Intestinal Repair in Chronically Undernourished Rabbits

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