Transmissible Gastroenteritis of Swine as a Model for the Study of Enteric Disease

Aelterman, E O; Hooper, Billy E.

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(19)34270-2

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The histologic changes observed in our investigations were similar to those described by MEBUS and coworkers (16) in calves, and they also corresponded to the basic pattern of changes described in transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs (8,27) and those induced by coronaviral strain N-71 in dogs (10). After oral ingestion, the coronaviral strain LY-138 infected the absorptive epithelial cell lining of the intestinal villi resulting in atrophy of the villi, decrease in height and extensive sloughing of intestinal epithelial cells that resulted in some denuding.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Light and Ultrastructural Pathologic Changes in Intestinal Coronavirus Infection of Newborn Calves*

Doughri

Storz

1977

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary Seven conventional newborn calves were inoculated orally with the coronavirus strain LY‐138, originally recovered from naturally‐infected diarrheic calves. All calves developed diarrhea during the first 24 h after inoculation. The presence and excretion of virus was monitored by electron microscopy. Grossly, the changes were subtle and not striking. The intestinal tract was distended and contained a yellow clear fluid. The small intestinal wall was thin and transparent. Histologic changes were characterized by atrophy and fusion of the villi, decreased height and vacuolation of the intestinal epithelial cells, by a reduced number of goblet cells, crypt hypertrophy and dilatation, and by edema and increased cellularity of the lamina propria mucosae. Ultrastructurally the viral agent infected the intestinal absorptive epithelial cells, undifferentiated epithelial cells and goblet cells of the villi, and occasionally fibroblasts and endothelial cells of the lamina propria mucosae. Morphologic evidence indicated that virus multiplication occurred only in the cytoplasm of infected cells. The rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum became dilated, and electron‐dense, granulo‐fibrillar material filled their cysternae to form smooth membrane‐bounded viral factories in the supranuclear cytoplasm of infected intestinal epithelial cells. Ultrastructural cytologic changes in this viral infection consisted of dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum network, cellular ribosome depletion, extensive endoplasmic vacuolation and vesiculation of Golgi elements of intestinal epithelial cells, swelling and degeneration of mitochondria, loss of normal nuclear polarity with pyknosis and karyolysis of the nuclei, loss of cytoplasmic matrix, and a broad spectrum of pathologic changes involving the microvilli and terminal web. Zusammenfassung Lichtmikroskopische und Ultrastrukturelle pathologische Veränderungen bei intestinaler Coronavirusinfektion neugeborener Kälber Sieben konventionelle neugeborene Kälber wurden oral mit dem Coronavirus‐Stamm LY‐138, der ursprünglich von natürlich infizierten Kälbern mit Diarrhoe stammt, infiziert. Alle Kälber entwickelten Durchfall während der ersten 24 Stunden nach Inokulation. Vorhandensein und die Ausscheidung des Virus wurden elektronenoptisch verfolgt. Sichtbare Veränderungen waren gering und wenig auffallend. Der Darmtrakt war erweitert und enthielt eine gelbe, klare Flüssigkeit. Die Dünndarmwand war dünn und durchscheinend. Histologische Veränderungen waren charakterisiert durch Atrophie und Verschmelzung der Zotten, verminderte Höhe und Vakuolisierung der intestinalen Epithelzellen, durch eine reduzierte Anzahl von Gobletzellen, Kryptenhypertrophie und ‐erweiterung, sowie Ödematisierung und erhöhte Zellularität der lamina propria mucusae. Ultrastrukturell infizierte das Virus die intestinalen absorptiven Epithelzellen, nichtdifferenzierte Epithelzellen und Gobletzellen der Zotten, und gelegentlich Fibroblasten sowie Endothelzellen der Lamina propria mucosae. Die morphologischen Veränderung...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Enteric diseases of newborn animals represent a serious economic problem and may be caused by several different etiologic agents (24). The importance of viruses as causes of enteritis in the newborn became recently evident (8,9,11,14,15,16,21,25).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light and Ultrastructural Pathologic Changes in Intestinal Coronavirus Infection of Newborn Calves*

Doughri

Storz

1977

Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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“…In a sequential study (8,9) it was observed that virus replication was accompanied by rapid development of villous atrophy in the small intestine. This resulted in mMabsorptive diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance and death in nearly all pigs infected with the virus during the first few days of life (3,6). The observation of villous atrophy has been reported by several groups (4, I0, 19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine: Virus-intestinal cell interactions I. Immunofluorescence, histopathology and virus production in the small intestine through the course of infection

Pensaert

Haelterman

Burnstein

1970

Archiv f Virusforschung

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A sequential study of the virus-intestinal cell interactions in the small intestinal mucosa of intact pigs and surgically isolated loops of jejunum was made using the Purdue strain of TGE virus. The different phases of the infection were examined by immunofluorescence, histopathology and measurement of virus production. Viral replication occurred only in the cytoplasm of the absorptive cells on the villi and resulted in cellular degeneration and desquamation starting at 12 hours PI. In the jejunum, loss of the epithelium led, via progressive shortening of the villi, to villous atrophy with temporary denudation of the mucosa at 16 to 18 hours PI. Polymorphonuclear cell infiltration occurred in intact pigs concomitantly with massive cell loss. In the upper duodenum and on the villi containing lymphoid tissue in the ileum, TGE virus replication was limited to a few cells and did not cause villous atrophy.The proliferative cells in the crypts of Lieberkiihn were refractory to TGE virus and this permitted healing of the viral injury to occur by rapid replacemen~ with newly regenerated cells which initially were flat to cuboidal. Differentiation of the cells was then observed and was followed by regrowth of the villi. Some of the regenerated cells were seen to become infected during this differentiation process. The majority of these cells, however, did not show any indication of intracellular viral activity. As villi grew longer, the number of infected cells gradually decreased and fluorescence was not detected after 7 days postinoculation.The events occurring in the isolated jejunal loops upon infection with TGE virus were, with some minor variations, similar to those in intact pigs. Newly 1 Submitted as Journal Paper No. 3966 of the Purdue University Agricultural Experiment Station. 2 Present address: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ghent, Casinoplein 21, Ghent, Belgium. 21. 322 M. P]~NSAERT, E. O. HA]~LTERI~AN, and T. BURNSTEIN:produced virus was first detected in the lumen of the isolated loops at 6 hours. Virus yields reached maximum levels at 12 to 24 hours after infection and then progressively declined to be non-detectable at 15 to 18 days after inoculation.

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“…On the other hand, there is evidence to indicate that circulating colostrum-derived antibodies have no protective effect on the course of some infections located on the mucosa of the digestive tract such as E. coli infections and transmissible gastroenteritis (SALAJKA, 1966;HAELTERMAN et al, 1967).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis of Swine Influenza Infection Produced Experimentally in Suckling Piglets

Valíček

Pospíšil

2010

Zentralblatt Für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B

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Summary The development of exrimental swine influenza infection in piglets sucking immune colostrum was studied. Specific antibodies acquired from the colostrum of the infected sow did not prevent viral multiplication in the lung or the development of clinical disease after experimental intranasal infection of piglets with 107 CEID50 of swine influenza virus at 7 days of age. The development of clinical signs and pathomorphological changes during the first five days after infection was the same as in control piglets. The virus content of the lung was, however, 1 to 3 logarithms lower in piglets having colostrum‐acquired antibodies than in control piglets beginning day 1 after infection, and no virus could be recovered from the former from day 7 onwards. In spite of a rapid onset of active production of serum antibodies, the virus persisted in the lungs of control piglets up to day 12 after infection. Analogous quantitative differences between the two groups were obtained by immunofluorescent staining of viral antigen in the lung and upper respiratory tract. Zusammenfassung Pathogenese von Schweineinfluenza‐Infektionen in experimentell infizierten Ferkeln III. Vermehrung von Schweineinfluenzavirus im Respirationstrakt von Ferkeln mit spezifischen, kolostralen Antikörpern Die durchgeführten Untersuchungen sollten klären, welche Bedeutung kolostrale Antikörper für eine experimentelle Schweineinfluenza‐Infektion in Saugferkeln besitzen. Es konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß die Infektion von 7 Tagen alten Ferkeln mit 107 EID50 trotz Vorhandensein von spezifischen, kolostralen Antikörpern möglich ist. Die Entwicklung klinischer Symptome, Virusvermehrung und pathomorphologische Veränderungen konnten sowohl in Ferkeln mit maternalen Antikörpern, als auch in antikörper‐freien Kontrollferkeln bis zum 5. Tag p. inf. beobachtet werden. Während aber der Virusgehalt in den Ferkellungen mit Antikörpern um 1 bis 3 log10 niedriger lag und nach dem 5. Tag p. inf. Virus nicht mehr nachweisbar war, persistierte Virus in den Ferkellungen der Kontrollgruppe, trotz rasch einsetzender Anti‐körperbildung noch bis zum 12. Tag p. inf. Diese Befunde konnten durch immunfluoreszenz‐serologische Untersuchungen der Lunge und des oberen Respirationstraktes bestätigt werden. Résumé Pathogénie de la grippe du porc chez des porcelets infectés expérimentalement III. Multiplication du virus influenza porcin dans le tractus respiratoire des porcelets avec anticorps colostraux spécifiques Les expériences accomplies devraient élucider le rôle des anticorps colostraux dans une infection expérimentale des porcelets par la grippe du porc. On a pu démontrer qu'il est possible d'infecter des porcelets âgés de 7 jours avec 107 EID50 malgré la présence d'anticorps colostraux spécifiques. On a observé jusqu'au 5ème jour p. i. le développement des symptêmes cliniques, la multiplication du virus et les modifications patho‐morphologiques et ceci chez les porcelets avec des anticorps maternels, mais aussi chez les porcelets tédnoins exempts d'anticorps. Mais, alors q...

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Transmissible Gastroenteritis of Swine as a Model for the Study of Enteric Disease

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

Light and Ultrastructural Pathologic Changes in Intestinal Coronavirus Infection of Newborn Calves*

Light and Ultrastructural Pathologic Changes in Intestinal Coronavirus Infection of Newborn Calves*

Transmissible gastroenteritis of swine: Virus-intestinal cell interactions I. Immunofluorescence, histopathology and virus production in the small intestine through the course of infection

Pathogenesis of Swine Influenza Infection Produced Experimentally in Suckling Piglets

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