Transmissible Venereal Tumor: A Review

Uçar, Mehmet

doi:10.5578/kvj.26524

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Prolonged serosanguineous vaginal discharge is seen in infected dogs (Purohit, 2009). The general health of the dogs is not compromised unless the lesions become infected and necrotic or the mass covers the urethral opening (Ganguly et al, 2016;Uçar, 2016).…”

Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tumor growth leads to tightly integrated, irregular cell formation, with fibroblasts forming between them (Purohit, 2009). Immunohistochemistry can be used in the diagnosis of metastatic tumors following a combination of clinical findings (Birhan and Chanie, 2015;Uçar, 2016).…”

Section: Histological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stray dogs are at risk factor for contracting and transmitting this disease (Hithem et al, 2020). It occurs mostly in tropical and subtropical climates (Hayes et al, 1983;Rogers, 1997;Uçar, 2016). Besides, the researchers reported that TVT is formed in the presence of ovarian remnant syndrome and stump pyometra cases in bitches (Sontaş et al, 2010;Turna Yılmaz et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introduction Ethiopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Neoplastic cells contaminated by physical contact are thought to be transferred to the genital system, nasal and oral mucosa, rectum or skin (Albanese et al, 2002;Do Amaral et al, 2007;Rezaei et al, 2016). Therefore, in primal TVT cases, it is possible to see lesions in the skin, face, nose or oral cavity, eyes and subcutaneous tissues along with the external genital area (Rogers, 1997;Das and Das, 2000;Brandao et al, 2002;Uçar, 2016;Kumar et al, 2018). Although tumors are located in the genital tract, extragenital cases have been observed including the conjunctival mucosa (Ferreira et al, 2000;Rodrigues et al, 2001) and central nervous system (Ferreira et al, 2000;Faccini et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introduction Ethiopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is one of the most uncontrolled tumors in dogs which spread through mating (Uçar, 2016). It can also be named as sticker tumor or sarcoma, venereal granuloma, infectious granuloma, canine condyloma, and infectious lymphosarcoma (Murhia et al, 2006;Regmi et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine transmissible veneral tumor:etiology, diagnosis and treatment

Küçükbekir

Uçmak²,

Tek³

2021

Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences

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Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is a round cell type neoplasia that is transmitted by mating and physical transfer of tumor cells. It is one of the most common benign tumors in dogs that can be seen in both gender. The external genital area is the main location of the tumor. However, internal organ metastasis has been reported. The most common clinical signs are lobular masses which are seen in the caudal part of the penis, in the posterior region of the vagina and at the vestibulovaginal junction. Nodular lesions with rapid bleeding are the most pronounced clinical finding. Initially, the small tumor forms into a large ulcerated mass in the next periods. Simultaneously, the volume of the tumor increases and the lesions are seen multilobular, cauliflower-like, brittle, hyperemic, and hemorrhagic. The most practical diagnostic method of the tumor is vaginal cytology. Cytology findings are characterized by the round or oval cells which have, pale blue or colorless cytoplasm with cytoplasmic vacuoles and a prominent nucleus. Chemotheraphy is the most effective treatment method. The weekly intravenous administration of vincristine suplhate given for 3 weeks on average reveals that the treatment success rate is beyond 90%. In this review, etiology, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of TVT are presented .

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Section: Clinical Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Histological Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Ethiopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction Ethiopathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Canine transmissible veneral tumor:etiology, diagnosis and treatment

Küçükbekir

Uçmak²,

Tek³

2021

Journal of Istanbul Veterinary Sciences

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Laporan Kasus: Keberhasilan Penanganan Transmissible Venereal Tumor pada Anjing Kacang Betina dengan Eksisi dan Kemoterapi

Gunawan,

Pemayun,

Jayawardhita

2023

jveteriner

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Transmissible Venereal Tumor (TVT)adalah tumor umum pada anjing yang ditularkan melalui perkawinan, jilatan, atau mengendus lesi tumor anjing penderita. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan keberhasilan penanganan TVT pada anjing kacang melalui metode pembedahan dan kemoterapi. Anjing lokal/kacang betina berumur enam tahun dengan bobot badan 8,7 kg datang dengan keluhan adanya massa pada vagina disertai tetesan darah. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan adanya sel-sel tumor berupa sel-sel limfoblas homogen polyhedral tersusun dalam stroma dengan indeks mitosis tinggi yang teridentifikasi sebagai TVT. Penanganan dilakukan dengan eksisi massa tumor dan kemoterapi dengan vincristine sulfate 0,025 mg/kg bb secara intravena diberikan seminggu pascaoperasi sebanyak empat kali berturut-turut dengan interval waktu satu minggu. Pascaoperasi diberikan injeksi antibiotik cefotaxime 20 mg/kg bb, q12h intravena selama tiga hari, dilanjutkan dengan cefixime 10 mg/kg bb, q12h per oral selama lima hari. Analgesik asam tolfenamat 4 mg/kg bb, q24h diberikan selama tiga hari pascaoperasi. Tetesan darah berhenti setelah tiga hari dan luka insisi tertutup pada hari ke-7 pascaoperasi. Pada hari ke-35 terlihat luka mengering, ukuran kelamin kembali normal, tidak ada tetesan darah, serta nafsu makan dan minum baik, dengan ini disimpulkan bahwa penanganan kasus TVT dengan metode eksisi disertai kemoterapi memberikan hasil yang baik terhadap kesembuhan pasien.

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Tumor venéreo transmissível canino extragenital com metástase para linfonodo regional: relato de dois casos

Marques Cunha,

Luz Lopes Rocha,

César de Oliveira

et al. 2024

Acta Scientiae Vet.

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Background: Canine venereal transmissible tumor (TVT) is a neoplasia with high incidence and wide distribution across Brazil. The genital mucosa is the most affected site, and the coitus is the main transmission route. However, the extragenital form of the disease can occur, with or without concomitant involvement of the external genitalia. The observation of metastasis is uncommon but can occur in lymph nodes, skin, muscle, oral cavity, nasal cavity, brain, eyes, spleen, liver, and abdominal cavity. Thus, the objective of this study was to report two cases of primary extragenital canine TVT with regional lymph node metastasis. Case: Case 1 was a two-years-old mixed-breed male dog with outdoor access and a history of a nodule in the oral mucosa, with an evolution time of two months. During the physical examination, it was observed a nodule on the left side of the lower lip mucosa, which was friable, with an irregular and ulcerated surface, and presenting bloody discharge. Additionally, the left submandibular lymph node was hypertrophied. Complete blood count (CBC), serum biochemistry, and abdominal ultrasonography were normal. The nodule and lymph node cytology were compatible with plasmacytoid-like TVT. Case 2 was another two-year-old mixed-breed male dog with outdoor access presenting increased nasal planum volume, weight loss, dyspnea, cough, and epistaxis for the past two weeks. During the examination, a nodule in the cranial part of the left nostril was observed. The volume of the nasal planum was increased, and the oral cavity presented ulceration in the hard palate. Moreover, the left submandibular lymph node was hypertrophied. CBC revealed normochromic normocytic anemia and intraplatelet inclusions compatible with Anaplasma platys. Radiography revealed increased radiopacity of the sinuses. The cytology of the lesions of the nostril and hard palate, and lymph node were compatible with mixed-type TVT. Both animals were treated with sulfate vincristine (0.7 mg/m2, IV, weekly, for 4 weeks), ivermectin (0.6 mg/kg, SC, weekly, for 4 weeks), and calf thymus lysate (4 ml/animal, PO, every 24 hours, for 4 weeks). Case 2 was also treated with doxycycline (10 mg/kg, PO, BID, for 4 weeks) for anaplasmosis. The animals presented a good therapeutic response, with resolution of the clinical abnormalities after 4 weeks of treatment. Discussion: The TVT is considered a neoplasm of round cells and is mainly transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, animals with outdoor access are at higher risk of acquiring this disease. Canine TVT usually has benign behavior, and metastases are observed at a rate of 1 to 15% of the cases, being associated with some factors, such as long permanence of the tumor in the animal, immunosuppression, and advanced age. The extragenital presentations of TVT affect mainly the nasal cavity (11%), followed by the skin (10%) and oral cavity (5%). Regarding the therapy, the procedure of choice is chemotherapy, with vincristine sulfate being the first choice of antineoplastic drug, and the primary extragenital forms of TVT with metastasis present a good response to this treatment. Extragenital TVT should be included as a differential diagnosis for nodules in the oral and nasal cavities of dogs, with the possibility of regional metastasis and the absence of primary genital lesions.

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Transmissible Venereal Tumor: A Review

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Canine transmissible veneral tumor:etiology, diagnosis and treatment

Canine transmissible veneral tumor:etiology, diagnosis and treatment

Laporan Kasus: Keberhasilan Penanganan Transmissible Venereal Tumor pada Anjing Kacang Betina dengan Eksisi dan Kemoterapi

Tumor venéreo transmissível canino extragenital com metástase para linfonodo regional: relato de dois casos

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