Transmission and control of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 — A review

Bach, Susan; McAllister, Tim A.; Veira, D. M.; Gannon, Victor P. J.; Holley, Richard A.

doi:10.4141/a02-021

Cited by 126 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 147 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Our finding may be in agreement with the existing knowledge which has always implicated cattle as a major reservoir of DEC (Trevena et al, 1999;Bach et al, 2002;Cookson et al, 2006). The presence of typeable DEC serogroups from pastoral cattle was higher in Bluelagoon than Lochinvar.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Isolation of Escherichia coli from cattle and lechwe antelopes at the livestock/wildlife interface area of the Kafue flats in Zambia

Mubita¹,

Ombe²,

Muma³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Isolation of Escherichia coli from cattle and lechwe antelopes at the livestock/wildlife interface area of the Kafue flats in Zambia

Mubita¹,

Ombe²,

Muma³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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“…It has been reported that extensive agriculture can result in an increase in nitrate and phosphorus levels (Jones et al 2001). Similarly, livestock grazing and dairies may increase the presence of fecal bacteria (Bach et al 2002), provoke erosion problems, and increase stream turbidity (Strunk 2003). Conversion of agricultural areas, forests, grass, and wetlands to urban areas leads to large proportional increases in land imperviousness in the form of roofs, sidewalks, roads, parking lots, and turf grass that can dramatically alter the natural hydrologic condition within a watershed (Im et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic impacts of climate and land-use change on Namnam Stream in Koycegiz Watershed, Turkey

Baloch

Ames

Tanık

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The effects of land-use and climate change on the hydrologic regime of the Namnam Stream in the Koycegiz Watershed, Turkey, are quantified using a hydrologic simulation modeling system under a number of real and potential scenarios. The study shows that urbanization has induced severe modification in the magnitude, frequency, and duration of extreme flow conditions. The mean annual flows increased by 5-60 % due to 0.1-50 % increase in impervious surfaces. Additionally, confounding climate change impacts include an increase in low flow pulses of 2 % when considering a decrease in precipitation by 20 % and a decrease in low flow pulses of 12 % when considering a 20 % increase in precipitation. The watershed system under investigation is significantly more sensitive to climate change scenarios involving additional inputs of precipitation compared with scenarios involving reductions in precipitation and that these changes are compounded in the presence of major land-use change. These results suggest the need for erosion control, nutrient management and habitat conservation in light of rapid urbanization, as often typified in developing countries, and potential climate change to conserve essential watershed functions.

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“…Enterohemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli, especially serotype O157:H7, have been linked in humans with hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombocytopenic purpura from eating contaminated foods, such as beef and dairy products, vegetables, cider, etc., contaminated drinking water, or contact with colonized animals or animal environments (2,3,17,18). Significant correlations between bovine fecal and hide prevalence with beef carcass contamination indicate a role for controlling E. coli O157 in live cattle (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Forage or Grain Diets with or without Monensin on Ruminal Persistence and Fecal Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle

Baale

Sargeant

Gnad

et al. 2004

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Twelve ruminally cannulated cattle, adapted to forage or grain diet with or without monensin, were used to investigate the effects of diet and monensin on concentration and duration of ruminal persistence and fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7. Cattle were ruminally inoculated with a strain of E. coli O157:H7 (10 10 CFU/ animal) made resistant to nalidixic acid (Nal r ). Ruminal and fecal samples were collected for 11 weeks, and then cattle were euthanized and necropsied and digesta from different gut locations were collected. Samples were cultured for detection and enumeration of Nal r E. coli O157:H7. Cattle fed forage diets were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 in the feces for longer duration (P < 0.05) than cattle fed a grain diet. In forage-fed cattle, the duration they remained culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 was shorter (P < 0.05) when the diet included monensin. Generally, ruminal persistence of Nal r E. coli O157:H7 was not affected by diet or monensin. At necropsy, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in cecal and colonic digesta but not from the rumen. Our study showed that cattle fed a forage diet were culture positive longer and with higher numbers than cattle on a grain diet. Monensin supplementation decreased the duration of shedding with forage diet, and the cecum and colon were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7 more often than the rumen of cattle.Enterohemorrhagic strains of Escherichia coli, especially serotype O157:H7, have been linked in humans with hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and thrombocytopenic purpura from eating contaminated foods, such as beef and dairy products, vegetables, cider, etc., contaminated drinking water, or contact with colonized animals or animal environments (2, 3, 17, 18). Significant correlations between bovine fecal and hide prevalence with beef carcass contamination indicate a role for controlling E. coli O157 in live cattle (12). Simulation modeling has shown that reducing the prevalence of E. coli O157 in cattle would substantially reduce contamination of beef (23). Diet and feeding practices are considered to be important factors affecting fecal E. coli O157:H7 (6,7,19,31,32).Data on grain versus forage effects on fecal E. coli O157:H7 are limited and are somewhat conflicting. It is reported that grain feeding, as opposed to hay feeding, favored growth of acid-resistant generic E. coli because of lower ruminal and possibly cecal pH (9). However, Hovde et al. (21) , 1999) studied the effect of grain-to-hay shift on the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle and reported that 52% of the cattle maintained on grain continued to shed E. coli O157:H7 but only 18% of the cattle that were switched to hay were culture positive for E. coli O157:H7.Ionophores, particularly monensin, are used extensively in the cattle industry to improve weight gain in cattle on pasture and feed efficiency in feedlot cattle fed grain-based diets (13,28). In other countries, monensin is approved for use in dairy cows for increased milk production, improved feed effici...

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Transmission and control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 — A review

Cited by 126 publications

References 147 publications

Isolation of Escherichia coli from cattle and lechwe antelopes at the livestock/wildlife interface area of the Kafue flats in Zambia

Isolation of Escherichia coli from cattle and lechwe antelopes at the livestock/wildlife interface area of the Kafue flats in Zambia

Hydrologic impacts of climate and land-use change on Namnam Stream in Koycegiz Watershed, Turkey

Effect of Forage or Grain Diets with or without Monensin on Ruminal Persistence and Fecal Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Cattle

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