Transmission and prevention of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in war settings

Providing antiretroviral care in conflict settings

“…Forced displacement, sexual violence, sexual risk-taking, drug use, and transactional sex, as well as a lack of access to health care facilities and providers, can all contribute to increased incidence of infection [12][13][14]. Within recent African confl icts, there are well-documented incidents of sexual violence against females and sexual risk-taking among male combatants [15].…”

The Prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HIV-Related Risk-Taking Behaviors among Palestinian Injecting Drug Users in the East Jerusalem Governorate

“…17 Military occupation and the related violence, political instability, and economic hardship have serious epidemiological implications for the comparably young Palestinian population. Comparably to other regions affected by complex emergencies, [18][19][20] these macro factors will likely continue to generate conditions conducive to drug abuse in the OPT. …”

Mortality and health among internally displaced persons in western Kenya following post-election violence, 2008: novel use of demographic surveillance

“…15,17,19 To our knowledge, there has been no such finding in conflict situations in Africa, where most excess adult mortality is related to violence or acute infections rather than to chronic illnesses. 15,[19][20][21][22] Rates of HIV infection among IDPs and refugees in Africa can be high, although not necessarily higher than in the communities of origin [24][25][26][27][28] . In our analysis, the majority of adult IDP deaths were ascribed to HIV infection, which accounted for a larger proportion of deaths among IDPs than among DSS residents.…”