Transmission between Archaic and Modern Human Ancestors during the Evolution of the Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus 16

Pimenoff, Ville N.; Oliveira, Cristina Mendes de; Bravo, Ignacio G.

doi:10.1093/molbev/msw214

Cited by 79 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…In addition, we describe an increment of HPV16_A4 variants in glandular cancer types, 28% for ADC and 25% for ADSC, as reported in other studies including African, Central‐South American and Asian isolates (18% of 50 ADC) . Regarding variation in HPV16 lineage prevalence depending on the geographical origin of the samples, our results largely confirm the best data available showing a large dominance of HPV16_A1‐3 variants in Europe, the virtually exclusive presence of HPV16_B and C variants in Africa, the increased prevalence of HPV16_A4 variants in Asia and the enrichment of HPV16 D variants in the Americas.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differential HPV16 variant distribution in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma

Nicolás-Párraga

Alemany

Sanjosé

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Human Papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) causes 70% of invasive cervical cancers (ICC) worldwide. Interaction between HPV16 genetic diversity, host genetics and target tissue largely determine the chances to trigger carcinogenesis. We have analyzed the differential prevalence of viral variants in 233 HPV16-monoinfected squamous (SCC), glandular (ADC) and mixed (ADSC) ICCs from four continents, assessing the contribution of geographical origin and cancer histology. We have further quantified the contribution of viral variants and cancer histology to differences in age at tumor diagnosis. The model fitted to the data explained 97% of the total variance: the largest explanatory factors were differential abundance among HPV16 variants (78%) and their interaction with cancer histology (9.2%) and geography (10.1%). HPV16_A1-3 variants were more prevalent in SCC while HPV16_D variants were increased in glandular ICCs. We confirm further a non-random geographical structure of the viral variants distribution. ADCs were diagnosed at younger ages than SCCs, independently of the viral variant triggering carcinogenesis. HPV16 variants are differentially associated with histological ICCs types, and ADCs are systematically diagnosed in younger women. Our results have implications for the implementation of cervical cancer screening algorithms, to ensure proper early detection of elusive ADCs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differential HPV16 variant distribution in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma

Nicolás-Párraga

Alemany

Sanjosé

et al. 2017

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…It is now clear that such interbreeding did leave traces in contemporary modern humans outside Africa at the level of a few percent of the genome, with regional and inter-individual variation probably due to repeated interbreeding with Neanderthals and Denisovans [5 ,11 ,12 ]. Contact between human lineages is also revealed by other lines of evidence including the oral commensal microbe Methanobrevibacter oralis from a Spanish Neanderthal pointing to his ancestors having had contact with an African strain presumably from the AMH in the Levant c. 126 kya [13], and the sexually transmitted oncogenic human papillomavirus 16 which shows strains having split c. 450 kya mirroring the divergence between Neanderthals and AMH, but later with the Neanderthal strain re-infecting AMH after c. 120 kya [14]. Leaving aside the functional relevance of these genomic introgressions for now, what they overwhelmingly highlight is the interwoven histories of the human lineages within and outside Africa during the last half million years.…”

Section: The Human Treementioning

confidence: 86%

Neanderthal language revisited: not only us

Dediu

Levinson

2018

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

113

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Here we re-evaluate our 2013 paper on the antiquity of language (Dediu and Levinson, 2013) in the light of a surge of new information on human evolution in the last half million years. Although new genetic data suggest the existence of some cognitive differences between Neanderthals and modern humans -fully expected after hundreds of thousands of years of partially separate evolution, overall our claims that Neanderthals were fully articulate beings and that language evolution was gradual are further substantiated by the wealth of new genetic, paleontological and archeological evidence briefly reviewed here. IntroductionIn 2013 we published a paper [1] arguing that vocal language has had a long and gradual evolution in the 1.5 my since Homo erectus, and that Neanderthals were articulate humans, not very different from us. We marshaled paleontological, archeological and genetic evidence against the saltationist view that language evolved abruptly within the last 100 ky (e.g. [2]). Since then there has been a flurry of new evidence from paleontology, archeology and ancient DNA that, we argue here, largely supports our views of a much deeper antiquity and gradualism. The human treeOne striking finding is that many human lineages were coexisting just 300 kya (including Homo naledi, Homo floresiensis, Denisovans, Neanderthals and even anatomically modern humans [3 ]), another being the degree of reticulation in the human tree evidenced by genetics. Recent data suggests that at least 50 ky of interactions on a vast geographic scale from the Levant to Siberia and Western Europe gave plenty of scope for interbreeding; Figure 1 shows some of the gene flow across the Neanderthals, Denisovans and ourselves.The ancestors of Neanderthals and Denisovans left Africa c. 650 kya, and by 450 kya had diverged into these two lineages, and there are indications of early Neanderthal and Denisovan interbreeding [4], and of interbreeding between Denisovans and yet another archaic hominin. The Neanderthals then interbred with anatomically modern humans (AMH) on at least three occasions, likely when AMH first came into the Levant 100-120 kya [5 ,6], and also during AMH's move into glacial Europe (c. 50 kya [7]). For example, a Siberian Neanderthal has AMH genes introgressed c. 110 kya [7], and an early AMH with Neanderthal anatomical features c. 40 kya from Romania [8] had Neanderthal ancestry just 4-6 generations before [9]. Recent data suggests that while Neanderthals and Denisovans clearly form a clade, the mtDNA groups the former with AMH due to their original mtDNA being replaced by an AMH-like lineage probably through interbreeding before c. 270 kya [10]. It is now clear that such interbreeding did leave traces in contemporary modern humans outside Africa at the level of a few percent of the genome, with regional and inter-individual variation probably due to repeated interbreeding with Neanderthals and Denisovans [5 ,11 ,12 ]. Contact between human lineages is also revealed by other lines of evidence including the oral commen...

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“…[94] We can obtain convincing evidence of an anticancer role for vitamin D 3 in humans from a recent vitamin D 3 , calcium randomized clinical trial using supplements, [95] along with a pooled analysis of randomized trails, [96] and a prospective cohort study [97] because they showed significant reductions in their all-cancers risk. Intriguingly, Neanderthals gave some of the Europeans HPV16A, [98] so that this ancestry population had a "head start" for increasing their incidences of cancer over recent decades from indoor work and decreasing levels of vitamin D 3 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

All sites but skin cancer incidences analyzed worldwide by sex, age, and skin type over time (1955-2007), advancing age, and UVB dose reveals important carcinogenic drivers

Godar

Gurov²,

Merrill

2017

JER

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Because we observed increasing incidences over time, advancing age, higher estrogen levels, decreasing UVB (290-315 nm) doses, or lower vitamin D3, and Human Papillomavirus hiding in immune-privileged sites of hair follicles play roles in melanoma, we wondered if the majority of cancers might have similar carcinogenic drivers. To investigate this possibility, we performed worldwide analysis of all sites but skin cancer over time , advancing age, and UVB doses for males and females with all skin types and ages (0-85+) and in five age groups using IARC data. To investigate Human Papillomavirus's role, we analyzed the incidences of breast, prostate, and colon cancers in a developed country with European ancestry (New Zealand) having high amounts of androgenic hair and a developing country with Asian ancestry (India) having low amounts of androgenic hair. To potentially add epidemiology to the already established role of estrogen in cancer, we analyzed males and females in various countries around the world using the incidence of breast cancer (> 70 yr.) as an established indicator of estrogen levels. The analysis reveals cancer incidences are steadily increasing over time in developed but not developing countries regardless of skin type. Only US white, but not black, breast, prostate, and colon cancer incidences in the oldest age group significantly decreased with increasing UVB dose suggesting a role for vitamin D3. The data suggests the carcinogenic drivers in many cancers are estrogen, increasing age (or reactive oxygen species), decreasing vitamin D3 levels, and persistence of Human Papillomavirus infection in immune-privileged sites.

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Transmission between Archaic and Modern Human Ancestors during the Evolution of the Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus 16

Cited by 79 publications

References 90 publications

Differential HPV16 variant distribution in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma

Differential HPV16 variant distribution in squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous cell carcinoma

Neanderthal language revisited: not only us

All sites but skin cancer incidences analyzed worldwide by sex, age, and skin type over time (1955-2007), advancing age, and UVB dose reveals important carcinogenic drivers

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