Transmission dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 within families with children in Greece: A study of 23 clusters

Maltezou, Helena C.; Vorou, Rengina; Papadima, Kalliopi; Kossyvakis, Athanasios; Spanakis, Nikolaos; Gioula, Georgia; Exindari, Maria; Metallidis, Symeon; Lourida, Athanasia; Raftopoulos, Vasilios; Froukala, Elisavet; Martinez-Gonzalez, Beatriz; Mitsianis, Athanasios; Roilides, Emmanuel; Mentis, Αndreas; Tsakris, Athanasios; Papa, Anna

doi:10.1002/jmv.26394

Cited by 75 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In the WHR, almost all primary cases were adults (98%), which aligned with a study of family clusters in Greece (91%) (Maltezou et al 2020). We observed the prevalent direction of transmission to be from adult to child, which may be partially attributed to the low number of households with children as primary cases.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts in the Winnipeg Health Region, Canada

Wilkinson

Chen

Shaw

2020

Can J Public Health

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Objectives Understanding important transmission parameters, such as secondary attack rates, can help in strategizing, prioritizing, and planning interventions to curb morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Early reports suggest the risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (the pathogen that causes COVID-19 disease) is high among household contacts of cases. The purpose of this analysis was to determine the household transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 in residents of the Winnipeg Health Region. Methods We extracted information on COVID-19 cases and their household contacts from the regional public health surveillance database and used this dataset to calculate secondary attack rates. Results We included 381 individuals from 102 unique households (102 primary cases and 279 household contacts). A total of 41 contacts from 25 households became secondary cases in the 14 days since last unprotected exposure to the primary case, resulting in a secondary attack rate of 14.7% (95% CI: 10.5-18.8). Conclusion Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been an important contributor to the local COVID-19 epidemic. Résumé Objectifs Comprendre les importants paramètres de transmission, comme les taux d'infection secondaire, peut aider à établir des stratégies et des priorités et à planifier des interventions afin de réduire la morbidité et la mortalité liées à la COVID-19. Les premiers rapports laissent entendre que le risque de transmission du SRAS-CoV-2 (l'agent pathogène qui cause la COVID-19) est élevé parmi les contacts familiaux de cas de COVID-19. Le but de cette analyse visait à déterminer la transmissibilité familiale du SRAS-CoV-2 chez les résidents de la région sanitaire de Winnipeg. Méthodes Nous avons tiré l'information sur les cas de COVID-19 et de leurs contacts familiaux de la base de données de surveillance de la santé publique à l'échelle régionale et nous avons utilisé ces données pour calculer les taux d'infection secondaire. Résultats Nous avons inclus 381 personnes de 102 ménages uniques (102 cas primaires et 279 contacts familiaux). Au total, 41 contacts de 25 ménages sont devenus des cas secondaires dans les 14 jours depuis la dernière exposition non protégée au cas primaire, ce qui correspond à un taux d'infection secondaire de 14,7 % (IC de 95 % : 10,5-18,8). Conclusion La transmission familiale du SRAS-CoV-2 a contribué grandement à l'épidémie locale de la COVID-19. Keywords COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2. Secondary attack rates. Household transmission. Emerging infectious diseases Mots-clés COVID-19. SRAS-CoV-2. taux d'infection secondaire. transmission familiale. maladies infectieuses émergentes

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts in the Winnipeg Health Region, Canada

Wilkinson

Chen

Shaw

2020

Can J Public Health

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“…Infected children were also more likely to be asymptomatic and have low viral loads. 15 Another cluster of COVID-19 was investigated in Europe. One index case was linked to 12 cases after 16 individuals stayed together in a chalet for four days in the Swiss Alps.…”

Section: Role Of Schools Openingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safely opening schools: artificial intelligence techniques to control transmission of COVID-19

Sarfraz

Hathaway

et al. 2021

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Artificial intelligence techniques and similar digital technologies are promising applications for surveillance systems, contact tracing, and pandemic planning amid the COVID-19 pandemic. With no long-term effective treatment or vaccinations available, it is highly important to scale intelligence solutions to promote detection, school-level screening, monitoring, reducing burden of staff, and prediction potential COVID-19 outbreaks at schools. The objectives of this paper were to present the artificial intelligence for safely opening schools model, and build a solidifying analysis of current literature for applications of the system. The applications are imminent to promoting school health by maximizing the potential of AI technologies. While the AISOS model is not a silver bullet, the improvement in school transmission will be particularly useful as an emergent temporary, potentially permanent, measure of transmission control and monitoring.

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“…Very recently, the analysis of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 from patients who recovered from COVID-19 identified targets of T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and revealed cross-reaction with circulating ‘common cold’ betacoronaviruses due to past infections [ [97] , [98] , [99] , [100] , [101] , [102] ]. Children appear to be protected and develop mild COVID-19 or no disease [ [103] , [104] , [105] ]. Common human coronaviruses (HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1) were isolated from 7% to 11% in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections [ [106] , [107] , [108] ].…”

Section: Cross-immunity To Sars-cov-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

What could explain the late emergence of COVID-19 in Africa?

Lalaoui¹,

Bakour²,

Raoult³

et al. 2020

New Microbes and New Infections

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At the end of November 2019, a novel coronavirus responsible for respiratory tract infections emerged in China. Despite drastic containment measures, this virus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread in Asia and Europe. The pandemic is ongoing with a particular hotspot in southern Europe and America in spring 2020. Many studies predicted an epidemic in Africa similar to that currently seen in Europe and the USA. However, reported data do not confirm these predictions. Several hypotheses that could explain the later emergence and spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in African countries are being discussed, including the lack of health-care infrastructure capable of clinically detecting and confirming COVID-19 cases, the implementation of social distancing and hygiene, international air traffic flows, the climate, the relatively young and rural population, the genetic polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor, cross-immunity and the use of antimalarial drugs.

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Transmission dynamics of SARS‐CoV‐2 within families with children in Greece: A study of 23 clusters

Cited by 75 publications

References 11 publications

Secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts in the Winnipeg Health Region, Canada

Secondary attack rate of COVID-19 in household contacts in the Winnipeg Health Region, Canada

Safely opening schools: artificial intelligence techniques to control transmission of COVID-19

What could explain the late emergence of COVID-19 in Africa?

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